That is why we have added this safety tips section to provide you with all the information necessary forstaying safe in Koh Phangan at the Full Moon Party. The full moon party takes place every month on the island of Koh Phangan, for the night of the full moon. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. 2022 Journeying The Globe. Despite being quicker, flying will always be the more expensive option. Half Moon Party The Half Moon party is definitely relatable to the Full Moon and Black Moon parties however it is also completely differentiates itself. Electronic music, etc. A lot of companies run overnight buses from Bangkok to Koh Phangan for 450 up to 600 baht. The party has a more chilled-out hippie vibe than the larger and more famous Full Moon events and the music is generally much less mainstream. For more info see the official Facebook-page via Blackmoon Culture. This including additional taxes and fees. Best case scenario is you will be asked for a hefty bribe. Safety at the full moon party can be a concern the risk of theft, drugs, and drinks being spiked is very real. Sunday, February 5, 2023. Hotels.com and the Hotels.com logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Hotels.com, LP in the United States and/ or other countries. Super Full Moon: Jul 14. The Full Moon Party has become a world-famous event that almost every traveller has heard of. Prepare for a great party year. The music is generally much less mainstream. You can also stay on the neighbouring island Koh Samui and take a taxi boat to and from the full moon party. Special Moon Events in 2022. Sea Breeze Resort is an excellent choice if you are on a mid-size budget, and is within walking distance of the full moon party. If using this option, it is better to find an overnight bus or train and to spend the journey sleeping. The party has a more chilled-out and hippie vibe than Koh Phangans larger and more famous full-moon events. People usually start to arrive for the party around 10 pm although it doesnt reach its busiest until around midnight. Manage Settings What to do in Slovenia - an ultimate guide to one of the world's most beautiful countries . In twilight, small tables are lined up on the beach and thousands of lamps are litHope You Like My Content :)INSTAGRAM: https://www.instagram.com/flop_youtuber/SNAPCHAT: https://www.snapchat.com/add/flop_youtuberFACEBOOK: https://www.facebook.com/flopyoutuber/TWITTER: https://twitter.com/flop_youtuber#thailandvlog #fullmoonparty2022 #kohphangan #Punjabivlogger #punjabitraveller #exploreworld #flopyoutuber Flip flops are not a feasible option, and to be honest, youll lose them within the first 20 minutes anyway. The party on the beach can't be missed and here's why Music..beaches..and a whole lot of dancing. No online tickets available. Pace yourself with the drinks, and you might even make it to sunrise. With plenty of accommodation choices available on the island, you will want to stay in the Haad Rin area (full-moon party beach) to be close to the action. The hotel also boasts a swimming pool, restaurant, safety deposit box and laundry service. Koh Phangan Full Moon Party has become a world-famous institution, but its ancestral home remains the crescent cove of Haad Rin Beach on the southernmost tip of Phangan Island in Thailand.More than 12 powerful sound systems turn the 800-metre beach into possibly the most popular open-air nightclub in the world once a month, with a lively festival-like atmosphere, great music and huge . Ko Pha-Ngan Tourism Ko Pha-Ngan Hotels Ko Pha-Ngan Guest House Ko Pha-Ngan Holiday Homes Ko Pha-Ngan Holiday Packages Situated on Leela Beach, the hotel provides its own private beach experience in a secluded and quiet area. By leaving your bike behind, you avoid any temptation to drink and drive back home. The full moon party is an all-night party filled with drinking, dancing, drugs, and sex. Details on site. The most (but definitely not all!) Therefore, we would like to give you all the important information about one of the largest beach . Full Moon Party Dates in 2022 You can also attend the festival on Christmas and New Year. There is no shortage of taxis operating throughout the night. Leave your bike at the hotel/hostel and take a taxi. Its not our preferred choice, but many tourists seem to be happy to do it. Never underestimate the drink buckets as they contain a high percentage of alcohol. For the best party experience, you might want to have a place to stay in this area, so you can be close to the action. Some time ago (circa 1985), a group of tourists found that the most beautiful moon was in Koh Phangan. Theres also a focus on art, which you might not find in full moon parties that take place on Haad Rin Beach. The Full Moon Party takes place every month throughout the year on the island of Ko Pha Ngan. We advise leaving all of your valuables locked back at the hotel, and only bringing enough cash with you for the evening. #thailand #fullmoonparty #backpacking -Watch the other Thailand Vlogs here - https://youtu.be/i4k47Bw4YPk-For Business Enquiries:
[email protected] BOXBeauty SpectrumM\u0026C Saatchi Social36 Golden SquareLondonW1F 9EE-MY SOCIAL MEDIA LINKS:Instagram: https://instagram.com/beauty_spectrum/Twitter: https://twitter.com/beauty_spectrumTikTok: @beauty.spectrumAll music in this video is from Epidemic Sound-Frequently Asked Questions:How old are you? Often, police officers will go undercover to try and bait tourists into buying drugs. But failure to pay that, then you may find yourself in a Thai prison. When you arrive at the pier, you will take a ferry to the island. Christmas Day and New Years Eve is by far the biggest full moon party of the year. Make sure you book in time. Cheap buckets of alcohol mixed with your favourite spirits are the preferred drink choice at these types of parties. The UV Paint is the norm at these parties, and it seems that the more you wear, the trendier it is. Full Moon Party Thailand 2022 Schedule According to the official website, here's their schedule for the whole of 2022: January 17, 2022 February 17, 2022 March 17, 2022 April 16, 2022 The only thing youre actually buying, though, is a fast ticket to jail. #thailand #fullmoonparty #backpacking -Watch the other Thailand Vlogs here - https://youtu.be/i4k47Bw4YPk-For Bus. Micro New Moon: Jun 29. Yes. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. Ferries are leaving from Surat Thani on the mainland. By far one of the more expensive resorts on the island is Cocohut Beach Resort & Spa. A night filled with the latest and freshest progressive and psychedelic trance brought by Thai and International residents and guest DJs. The full moon party dates are 17 February, 17 March, 16 April, 16 May, 14 June, 15 July and 13 August. Travel Safety for Greece 2022. Continue with Recommended Cookies. The Blackmoon Culture takes place every month. Peace. When you arrive at Koh Samui airport, you will find ticket counters selling onward travel to Koh Phangan. The bus departs from Phuket bus station and travels to Donsak Pier. The music is generally much less mainstream. The fastest way to get from Bangkok to Koh Phangan is by flight and ferry. The party begins at dusk, When the round yellow moon makes its appearance over the white sand beach. If you decide to fly, flights to Surat Thani Airport generally cost around 1,600 baht if you leaving from Bangkok on Air Asia. Usually held on the night of the new moon, entry to the Blackmoon Party costs 600 baht. THAILAND'S FAMOUS FULL MOON PARTY 2022! All of their modern rooms come equipt with aircon, Wifi, and a private balcony. If you're unable to make it to Thailand during the given dates, you always have the Half Moon Party, Quarter Moon Party, and Black Moon Party (also known as Escape Parties) to fall back on. 2022 Hotels.com is an Expedia Group company. 12 powerful sound systems turn the 800-metre beach into the world's most popular open-air nightclub. If you are carrying valuables, make sure to either hold them tight or keep them entirely out of sight (but hopefully in mind). Theres accommodation all over the island. Black Moon Party is usually held on the night of the new moon, with entry costing from around 600 baht. Although located in Haad Rin, the hotel is just far enough away from the beach to provide a quiet escape from the manic party scene. Check out the Blackmoon Culture event page on Facebook for current dates. Tuesday, October 11, 2022 Tuesday, November 8, 2022 Thursday, December 8, 2022 Saturday, December 31, 2022 (New Year's Party) Saturday, January 7, 2023 Monday, February 6, 2023 Tuesday, March 7, 2023 The price of the Black Moon Party is 600 Baht ($ 16). The party is very marketed, yet it is a lot of fun. Ko Pha-Ngan. Or 2.000 bath if you leaving from Chiang Mai. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. The full moon party starts in the evening time but doesnt reach its peak until midnight. Dancing alongside thousands of travellers on a stunning beach beneath the full moon is an extraordinary experience. 4 Days Full Moon Party Packge Thailand 4 Days Koh Phangan - Angthong From $ 390 3 Days Full Moon Party Packge Thailand 3 Days Koh Phangan From $ 290 Full Moon Party on Koh Phangan 3 days Koh Samui - Koh Phangan - Koh Samui From $ 259 Package Full Moon Experience Thailand 10 days Bangkok - Khao Sok - Koh Samui - Koh Phangan - Bangkok From $ 1899 At midnight, there is an impressive firework display on the beach. They arranged a party along the crescent-shaped beach . For example Full Moon Party, Half Moon Festival, Jungle Experience and Sramanora Waterfall Party. The closer you get to the actual night of the party, the more youll need a miracle to find something at any price range ;). Ticket prices from Koh Tao to Koh Phangan are between 500 to 600 baht, with an overall journey time of roughly one hour. Dancing is one of the partys main activities, alongside fire-rope skipping, eating, drinking, singing, and face painting. Baan Tai Beach is also relatively small, so you will usually find about 1,000 revelers . Blackmoon Party Thailand 2022 Blackmoon Culture is where the Blackmoon Posse host one of the island's best outdoor parties on Baan Tai beach. Please enable Strictly Necessary Cookies first so that we can save your preferences. However, due to Christmas and New Year signifying a special occasion, its always nice to go out with a bang (no pun intended). Cocohut is just a short five-minute walk from the full moon party. Take note: if you dont like busy crowds, then these events may not be for you. The party has a more chilled-out and hippie vibe than Koh Phangan's larger and more famous full-moon events. Blackmoon Culture - Party Dates 2022 TBD WATERFALL PARTY KOH PHANGAN House Baan Tai 8pm - 7am Waterfall Party Koh Phangan Party Dates 2022 TBD Also Read Koh Phangan House and Techno Parties Koh Phangan Psytrance Parties Bars on Koh Phangan Keep updated with phanganist.com by following our Facebook page. The monthly party takes place on Haad Rin Beach on Koh Phangan in the southern province of Surat Thani. If you're unable to make it to Thailand during the given dates, you always have Half Moon Party, Quarter Moon Party and Black Moon Party (also known as Escape Parties) to back on. But regardless of choice, you must always keep an eye (preferably two) on your drinks at all times. As many as 30,000 people from all across the world gather together to join the celebration. You will find most people at the party wearing them. One of the 3 original Moon open-air gatherings which made of Kophangan a world-famous party-island. Dance. These 3 words are the main motivation behind the famous Blackmoon Culture. The clothes consist of bright coloured vests or shorts, covered with the full moon party written on them. 1980s-present. Read more on our travel page. You can get to Haad Rin by either car or boat taxi. Jolie LIEM 23/08/2022 Black Moon Party on Koh Phangan is a monthly celebration that brings Mac's Bay of Baan Tai Beach (on the island's southern coast) to life with DJs spinning underground trance and progressive dance beats. lol) 101,657 views Feb 3, 2022 Come along to the 1st Full Moon Party of 2022 at Haad Rin Koh Phangan.. This exclusive getaway provides its own little slice of paradise. The rules on water splashing are a little murky this year but we doubt the Full Moon Party will be a completely dry affair this April. Black Moon Party on Koh Phangan is a monthly celebration that brings Macs Bay of Baan Tai Beach (on the islands southern coast) to life with DJs spinning underground trance and progressive dance beats. * Some hotels require you to cancelmore than 24 hoursbefore check-in. They are famous for their almost nightly events and warm-up parties, and of course, everything is bigger and better during the actual full moon celebration. Bamboo Forest, Ban Tai Ko Phangan, Surat Thani, Thailand 84280 By MAGIC PHANGAN Productions. Next Party Date: 8 November 2022 (Tuesday) View Upcoming Full Moon Party Dates . If you're really looking to party, Phangan Arena is the hostel for you! Answer 1 of 2: Hi, I was reading about the black moon party on may 2. All Rights Reserved. Thieves will often target tourists by following you, waiting for a perfect opportunity to snatch your camera or phone. Location (s) Hat Rin, Ko Pha-ngan, Thailand. Among the well-known international open-air events on Koh Phangan, the festival is one of the most acknowledged and famous of all. The full moon party takes place at Haad Rin beach on the southmost part of the island. Just like when travelling from Bangkok, you can also fly from Phuket to Koh Samui and catch a ferry across to Koh Phangan. Black Moon Party is usually held on the night of the new moon, with entry costing from around 600 baht. For the sake of a few hundred baht, then we strongly advise taking a taxi to and from the full moon party. Assuming you dont want a cut foot or worse, we advise you to wear trainers. Not the same is true for the buses, and you can usually book these just a few hours before. Half Moon Festival takes place every 2 weeks: 1 week before and 1 week after the FullMoonparty. Thailand's Full Moon Party 2022: A Moonlit Celebration in Paradise The Full Moon Party is simply a bucket-list must. The official Full Moon Party page. The paint will stain your clothes, so its a good idea to invest in some party clothing. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Tickets for Blackmoon Culture Koh Phangan are available at the door. Note: The price of tickets have went up from 100 THB in order to support the cleanup services and infrastructure of the local community. Full Moon Party 2022 and 2023 - dates Short and compact - here you will find all dates of the Full Moon Party 2022 and 2023 for your travel planing. A more affordable but slower way to travel is by catching a bus/train to Koh Phangan. Peace Trance Dance .these three words are the main motivation behind the famous Blackmoon Culture. The hotel features a swimming pool, A/C rooms, free breakfast, Wifi, and incredible sea views. Peace. Some time ago (circa 1985), a group of tourists found that the most beautiful moon was in Koh Phangan. Fire dancers are performing wherever you look, and people are dancing wildly. You can also travel from the nearby islands Koh Samui or Koh Tao. Held in the valley within the jungles of Ban Tai, experience the lively vibes as you party from dusk till dawn on the different dance floors near the DJ stand or the bar. Each bar has its own different style of music so you can hear everything from house music to reggae. Situated directly on Haad Rin Beach, Paradise Bungalows is a fantastic option for travellers on a smaller budget. Shiva Moon Shiva Moon is the place for goa psychedelic and psytrance music in Koh Phangan. Keeping this cookie enabled helps us to improve our website. Prices: From 1,250 THB and may increase during the full-moon party period. Getting from Phuket to Koh Phangan is just as easy, by either flight or bus. Friday, January 6, 2023. Stay a bit longer and you can also experience the Waterfall party, the Black Moon party, the Jungle Experience, and . Due to the tremendous popularity of these events, it is essential to book your accommodation well in advance to avoid disappointment. The event was established by Blackmoon Culture in 1999 and has since become one of the largest parties on the island. All rights reserved. You can enjoy the music and dance amongst other partygoers. The days leading up to the full moon party are usually just as exciting, with plenty of other enjoyable events to choose from these include the waterfall party, the jungle party, and the half-moon party. This article includes opinions of the Go Guides editorial team. To help make your trip easier, below are our recommended places to stay for the full moon party. With an amazing dcor, a super sandy venue, driving progressive beats, underground trance proudly present by Magic Phangan Productions. Around the Blackmoon Culture often all (the nice) hotels and hostels nearby are fully booked. The idea of wearing next to nothing in clothing is so you can cover your skin in neon paint from one of the many artists on the beach. The paint comes in bright fluorescent colours, and you will see party-goers covering their legs and body in some trendy designs. In this extensive guide, we will cover everything you need to know about the full moon party, from how to get there to what to expect to some essential safety advice. Ferry tickets can be booked in advance via 12go.asia or via local travel agencies. The Black Moon Parties are currently based near Baan Thai beach on Koh Pangan. THAILAND'S FAMOUS FULL MOON PARTY 2022! The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Occasionally the dates are adjusted around Buddhist holidays and do not correspond with the actual night of the full moon. The fastest boat operator is Lomprayah, which you can book directly via their website. The Full Moon Party (Thai: ) is an all-night beach party that originated in Hat Rin on the island of Ko Pha-ngan, Thailand in 1985. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Baan Tai Beach is also relatively small, so you will usually find about 1,000 revellers enjoying the music rather than getting blackout drunk. The beach contains a load of rubbish, broken glass, and other hazardous objects. Want to learn more about traveling to Koh Phangan and how to get around the island? We have created a complete cost breakdown for the party night below: Other costs include transport and accommodation, which will vary respectively on circumstances. Location: Baan Tai Beach, Koh Phangan, Surat Thani 84330, Thailand. We always advise booking your accommodation at least a few days in advance as rooms tend to sell out quickly around this period. Collect 10 stamps, get 1 reward* night. Join now! Tuesday, March 7, 2023. Its also a good idea to wash all of the paint off before you go to sleep, as hotels will charge you if you stain their bedding or towels. As there is no airport on the island, everyone arrives by ferry from either Koh Samui or Don Sak Pier in Surat Thani. Numerous flights operate between Bangkok and Koh Samui, with a flight time of approximately one hour. There are a lot of alternatives where you can go. Genre. Black Moon Party in Koh Phangan - one of the highlights of 10 Best Things to Do After Dinner in Koh Phangan (Read all about Ko Pha-ngan here). Also you can attend the festival on Christmas and New Year. If the Koh PhanganFull Moon Party isnt already on your bucket list, then it certainly needs to be. Everyone wants to capture that picture-perfect Instagram photo or video for YouTube. With an amazing dcor, a super sandy venue, driving progressive beats, underground trance proudly present by Magic Phangan Productions. For a complete breakdown of where to stay, you can read our full guide here. And let me tell you, Thai Prison is not a place you want to visit. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. It costs 100 baht for entrance to the full moon party, although you can avoid paying this if you are already staying on Haad Rin Nok beach. The overall journey time is around 7.5 hours. It is held once a month on the night of the full moon; dates may be found on this page.In my view, the Full Moon Party, although fantastic fun, is now just too crowded - 40,000 people is a lot of people - and you would be better off attending one of the other . Image Source. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. This is perfect for those of you staying at the amazing beach huts over on Mac Bay! Every itinerary needs to include this raving festivity when traveling in Southeast Asia. No Blue Moon in Bangkok in 2022 (third Full Moon in a season with four Full Moons) How many people will join it? An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Using drugs in Thailand is a serious offence and comes with severe penalties. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. The hotel boasts picturesque views, spa facilities, a bar and restaurant, pool area, and modern styled rooms. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. The tickets will be joint transportation (bus/train/ferry). These months are high-season in Thailand, with December usually being the busiest time of year. This price also includes the ferry. Please note that party dates may vary without further notice. The party is all night long until the early hours of the morning. While in 2022 there were only 12, in 2023 there will be 13 Full Moon Parties, plus New Year's Eve. The Legendary. Entry Ticket 200. Below is a list of full moon party dates for 2022: The best months to attend a full moon party are between December and April. The monthly gathering is arguably the most epic party in Thailand, and one of the craziest beach parties in the world. As the border restrictions in Thailand are easing, they welcome guests back into one of the country's most awaited events from as early as April 16, 2022. Dance. The festival, organized in the forest of a tropical island attracts several thousands of participants. Although no full moon, the event still delivers the same enjoyable experience. As a result, every month there are about 30,000 party people coming together from all around the world. But if you looking for a nice hotel or hostel near Blackmoon Culture, then we have 6 of our favourites here for you! The full moon party dates for 2023 have been announced, but beware they may always be changes about the actual full moon party dates in 2023. Trance. 10 Best Things to Do After Dinner in Koh Phangan. From then on, people from all over the world come to join the celebration.And now there are 10,000-30,000 people at the party each month. Total Lunar Eclipse visible in Bangkok on Nov 8. But take caution, as you could become a victim of theft. To get to Koh Phangan from Koh Tao or Koh Samui, you will need to take a ferry. 1st Full Moon Party 2022! Full Moon Party Thailand 2022 Since the start, the Full Moon Party on Koh Phangan turned out to be one of the biggest party events in Thailand. They arranged a party along the crescent-shaped beach of Haad Rin to celebrate the Full Moon night. Drink plenty of water throughout the night to keep hydrated. No upcoming events known. Prices:if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'journeyingtheglobe_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_1',677,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-journeyingtheglobe_com-medrectangle-3-0'); From 350 THB and may increase during the full-moon party period. The party usually takes place on the date of the full moon each month. Is Koh Samui SafeLeela Beach Koh PhanganBottle Beach Koh PhanganKoh Phangan Nightlife, Dangerous animals in the WorldDangerous animals in UKAre there snakes in HawaiiDangerous animals in MexicoDangerous animals in new zealandDangerous animals in HawaiiNaka cave in ThailandDangerous animals in OhioDangerous animals in Vietnam, Dangerous Animals in ThailandDangerous Animals in Canada, About usSitemapPrivacy PolicyTerms of useContact usCollaborationAdvertise. The journey time from Koh Samui to Koh Phangan is just over an hour, and the tickets are around 300 baht. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Super New Moon: Jan 3. Dangerous Animals in Hawaii: 9 Creatures to Definitely Avoid! Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. Tickets to the full moon party cost 100 and are available at any of the entrance points to the beach. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Guests come from all over the . Prices: From 3,000 THB and may increase during the full-moon party period. Dates. The party takes place on the night of, before, or after every full moon . Let your toes wiggle through the [] Full Moon Party 2022 Haad Rin, Koh Phangan . Serra da Bodoquena, Brazil - the pristine nature near Pantanal . Transferwise: How to send money abroad paying less . 22, my birthday is the 20th OctoberWhere are you from? Blackmoon Culture is where the Blackmoon Posse host one of the islands best outdoor parties on Baan Tai beach. Throughout the island, many shops sell full moon party attire. Trance. Remember, the party continues into the early hours of the morning, so dont make the mistake of arriving earlier than 10 pm if you want to make it through the entire night. The event was established by Black Moon Culture in 1999 and has since become one of the largest parties on the island. The tickets for the overnight trains usually sell out fast, so we strongly advise to book at least seven days in advance. Every four weeks, on the New Moon (Black Moon) 8,882 people like this 9,080 people follow this 2,511 people checked in here of the nightlife is on and around the beach of Haad Rin. I could not find much information, is it still running? Beverley, East Yorkshire-Anything marked with a * is an affiliate link, which means I earn a small commission through this link*Subscriber Count: [,]Molly xoxo No matter what other people tell you: if you get offered drugs at the full moon party or anywhere else in Thailand, then walk the other way. Tickets available at the entry gate only. Theres no airport on the island, so everyone comes by ferry. Monday 16 May. Super New Moon: Dec 23. Limited in size by the confines of the small beach, you will usually find about 1,000 other revellers there, with more of a focus on enjoying the music than getting blackout drunk. Hotels.com compensates authors for their writings appearing on this site; such compensation may include travel and other costs. Check the agenda for the complete list of parties when you come to Koh Phangan. The full moon party takes place every month on the island of Koh Phangan, for the night of the full moon. Below is a list of full moon party dates for 2022: Saturday 16 April. Full Moon Party Thailand 2022 dates are 17 February, 17 March, 16 April, 16 May, 14 June, 15 July and 13 August. Black Moon: May 30 (second New Moon in single calendar month) Super Full Moon: Jun 14. Haad Rin Koh Phangan Thailand (+STREET FOOD!! If you add drunken holiday-goers into the mix, you will probably be asking, is the full moon party safe?. If you arrive at Haad Rin beach before 6 pm or are staying in the area you can avoid paying the entrance fee. Koh Phangan Full Moon Party 2022 All You Need To Know, How To Get To Koh Phangan Full Moon Party, The Biggest Spectacle: Full Moon Party On New Years Eve, Are There Sharks in the Aegean Sea? By far the biggest party is on New Years Eve when the island reaches its peak. Occasionally the dates are adjusted around Buddhist holidays and do not correspond with the actual night of the full moon. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. *The "Full Moon Party 2022 and 2023: All you need to know about Thailand's legendary party" post was originally written in May 2016 and update on Ocotober 2022.