Berry, J. Given that nutrient content levels vary between leaves of different plant parts, leaves of the outer, middle and inner parts of each sample were torn and mixed for sampling. The reaction mixture was illuminated by fluorescent lamps at 4 000 Lx for 20min, while the control group was kept in darkness. 01 July 2000. Plant Physiol. Hostname: page-component-6f888f4d6d-8p2l5 This mechanism may be used by cells of perilla sprouts to resist adverse external environmental conditions. 1976. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Modi, Albert Thembinkosi The content of Chlorophyll (Chl. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56(1), 173178 (2008). Before TaDle 1: Effect of plant density on branching and yield of two chickpea cultivars planted on December 9, 1992, in Beka'a Valley, Lebanon. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Under T4 and T5 treatment, Pn was negatively correlated with Gs and Ci levels. 4. Briefly, flavonoids were extracted from 0.5g of ground leaves. Watermelons are grown at many different row widths and in-row spacings, but an ideal plant density has not been established. 1, 8385 (2002). Yield of fruit (green) and weight of prunings (orange) from mature apple trees with planting density averaged over three seasons. About 0.5g of fresh leaves were ground and Chlorophyll was extracted using acetone and 90% ethyl alcohol (v/v) at 4C for 48h until the leaves turned blanch. However, the content of TSS was not significantly different between T3 and T5 treatments (Fig. Effect of sowing density on the yield and yield components of spring-sown irrigated chickpea (Cicer arietinum) grown in Spain. The activity of POD was estimated based on the absorbance of guaiacol oxidation at 470nm17. The mean value of each index for the 50 selected plants was taken as the quality index for each treatment density. If the density exceeds a certain limit, it deteriorates the lighting and ventilation conditions in the population structure. Figure 2. 1974. Photosynthetic parameters of perilla sprouts were measured from 9:00 a.m to 11:00 a.m in each planting density using 50 replicates at 8th leaf. Studies show that germinating seeds produce high phenolic content and antioxidants5. Raymond, P., Al-Ani, A. and ADS Legumes are an important food source for people around the world. Secondary metabolites form the main active components of medicinal plants. This implies that the decrease in Pn may be due to the reduction in Gs. Although there were no significant differences between the effects of earlier and later application time on plant height or chlorophyll content, most of the structural and qualitative parameters of the yield (number of grains in the ear, grain density, grain hardness, protein, gluten and starch content) were better after later application of . Easter Sch. Results indicated that treatment with 35714 plants per hectare had the highest plant height, whereas 25974 plants per hectare gave the . Comparison of sprout quality characteristics of desi and kabuli type chickpea cultivars (cicer arietinum l.). 8600 Rockville Pike 106, 5360 (1994). Zeidan, M.S., Amany, A. and Bahr El-Kramany, M.F. 3 indicate that TSS content in T4 group was 100, 50, 20 and 20%, significantly higher than T1, T2, T3, T5. CAS Moreover, other studies found that perilla is rich in proteins, carbohydrate, vitamin, amino acid, flavonoids, phenols, volatile oil and other secondary metabolites, which are beneficial to human health7,8. This study was conducted at the experimental station of the Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Henan institute of science and technology, Xinxiang, China (N35 18 13.71, E113 55 15.05). A total of 0.5g fresh leaves of perilla sprouts were homogenized in precooled 5ml of 0.5% phenobarbitone acid and centrifuged at 5 000g for 20min. Bullock, D., Khan, S. & Rayburn, A. The impact of planting density and position in the canopy on percentage of fruit colouration. The lowest activity of SOD and CAT was recorded in T1 treatment (Fig. This is consistent with findings derived from summer soybean29. p. Results shown in Fig. 7. . SP plays a major role in the growth process of plants and is an important component of plant enzymes. 2a,b), while the highest values were recorded in T3 group. The cultivation conditions were monitored and recorded from April, 2014 to October, 2018. The absorbance of the supernatant was measured and used to determine the content of MDA based on absorbance at 532 and 600nm. Balancing life-style and genomics research for disease prevention. Different the lowercase letters show significance at the 5% level according to Duncans test. The highest total flavonoids content was under T3 treatment. 1f). Callan et al.9 showed that planting density affects the yield and quality of aromatic herbs. Effects of plant density on cotton yield components and quality. Crop Hort. Optimizing the planting density will not only improve sprouts yield and quality, but also reduce input cost by reducing seed rate and fertilizer usage without reducing yield14. Soybean Science (2015). government site. Compared with the D1 treatment, the grain yield, precipitation use efficiency (PUE), radiation use efficiency (RUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 5.6-12.5%, 2.8-7.1%, and 2.1 to 1.6% in D2, D3, and D4 treatments, respectively. Physicochemical changes of oat seeds during germination. Naves ER, Scossa F, Arajo WL, Nunes-Nesi A, Fernie AR, Zsgn A. Sci Rep. 2022 Aug 24;12(1):14450. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-18711-w. Coleto JM, Martn A, Horrillo A, Mesas FJ, Velzquez R. Foods. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Zhi, X. Y. et al. In this study, the content of total flavonoids initially increased and then decreased with the increase of planting densities. 27 March 2009. Migulez Frade, M. M. & Valenciano, J. Notably, there was no significant difference between T3 and T4 treatment in leaf length. View all Google Scholar citations This is consistent with findings derived from summer soybean29. The extraction was continued for 3h, to steam distillation, using a Clevenger apparatus until sufficient oil was collected. Different the lowercase letters show significance at the 5% level determined by Duncans test. 7, 106113 (2008). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. and transmitted securely. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 1. Univ. In this study, we explored the influence of planting density on growth, photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant capacity, main secondary metabolites, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents of ready-to-eat sprouts. Samples from T5 treatment group showed the lowest Chl. by experiments with maize by Li et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This study was conducted at the experimental station of the Institute of traditional Chinese medicine, Henan institute of science and technology, Xinxiang, China (N35 18 13.71, E113 55 15.05). Effects of row arrangement and plant density on yield and quality of early, small-vined processing tomatoes. The aim of this experimentation was to test the hypothesis that planting density would affect yield and expression of quality traits in perilla sprouts. 2. Samples were kept at 4C until measurement. In certain case studies done elsewhere in the U.S. determinate tomatoes yielded up to 20 lb per plant which will have a further increase in revenue. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate three slides at a time, or the slide dot buttons at the end to jump three slides at a time. Impact of seeding rate, seeding date, rate and method of phosphorus application in faba bean (Vicia faba L. minor) in the absence of moisture stress. The content of RA was determined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, LC - 20AT). 2.1. (Table 4). Effect of Certain Conditions on Yield of Crop Plants: Plant Density : Soil Water : Yield Relationships R. G. FAWCETT Nature 204 , 858-859 ( 1964) Cite this article 146 Accesses 13. An Approach to the Consumption of Smoked Paprika in Spain and its Impact on the Intake of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-1% phosphoric acid (39:61) and was run at rate of 1.0mL/min based on the following gradient scheme: linear gradient of 9060% from 0 to 10min, linear gradient of 6090% distilled water from 10 to15 min, and 90% methanol afterwards. Results: The increase in plant density increased marketable yield per hectare, although the yield per plant decreased. 2013. Sprouts are extensively used as short growth cycles, source of nutritious compounds or simple cultivation methods to enhance the nutritional and functional quality of cereals, pseudo cereals, cruciferous vegetables and legumes1. After processing the fruits, the application of D2 and mechanical harvesting significantly improved quality parameters, such as a*, ASTA (American Spice Trade Association) units and carotenoide concentration, primarily capsanthin. Many of the processes related to plant density can well be studied in monocultures of even-aged individuals that are sown or planted at the same time. hasContentIssue true. "shouldUseHypothesis": true, View Full Size Fig. The new PMC design is here! Increase in the cytoplasmic content of TSS decreased the permeability of plasma membrane and increased the membrane integrity of plasma membrane, which normalized the physiological activities and functions of cells. Figure 3. Biotech. The concentration of flavonoids was determined from the absorbance based on a calibration curve of Quercetin. Food Chem. Polle, A., Otter, T. & Seifert, F. Apoplastic peroxidases and lignification in needles of Norway (Picea abies L.). Ball, R. A., Purcell, L. C. & Vories, E. D. Short-season soybean yield compensation in response to population and water regime. Feature Flags: { Further analysis revealed that the contents of major secondary metabolites in perilla sprouts varied with different planting densities (Table3). This was significantly higher compared to that of T2, T3, T4, and T5 at 20.00, 16.13, 38.46 and 56.52%, respectively. , 2019. The authors declare no competing interests. To measure the leaf length and width, we used the middle section of a leaf blade, where it is longest and widest, five replicate measurements were conducted for each leaf blade. The total flavonoid content under T3 exceeded that of other treatments T1, T2, T4, and T5 by 35.90, 30.28, 15.69 and 55.11%, respectively. Notably, the height of plants increased significantly with the increase in planting density. Experiments were conducted at one location in 1993 and at two locations in 1994 in southeastern Oklahoma. Nott. The field experiment showed that, with the increasing of plant spacing, the plant height, plant internode length, leaf bend degree, leaf area index, and the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS ( Fv / Fm) increased, while the stem diameter, leaf drooping angle, leaf angle, and the actual photochemical efficiency of PS ( PS) decreased. a, Chl. The recommended sowing rate of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is about 10 kg pure live seed ha1, but it is debated if increasing the sowing rate enhances forage yield and quality in the sowing year. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was estimated as described by Mir18. The plants were grown on sandy soil in a greenhouse of 100m50m dimensions. One-way ANOVA was used in detecting the influence of each row spacing on plant height, plant density, number of tillers, organ yields, soil wind erosion, soil texture, bulk density, pH, nutrient concentration, MBC, and MBN. Cultivar Plant Number density (Plant m-2) planf' Number of primary branches planf' plant' of secondary branches planf' Straw yield (g) Seed yield (g) 100 seed weight (g) Seed yield ha-' (kg) Janta-2 6.4(a . Breeding for higher grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.) using increased selection densities has produced varieties that are adapted to grow at higher population densities.While the effects of density on final grain yield and plant phenotypes are well known, how density affects the early-season growth of the plant has been less studied. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-1% phosphoric acid (39:61) and was run at rate of 1.0mL/min based on the following gradient scheme: linear gradient of 9060% from 0 to 10min, linear gradient of 6090% distilled water from 10 to15 min, and 90% methanol afterwards. 75g of perilla sprouts were dried in the shade and ground. High amount of antioxidant substances are synthesized during germination4,5,6. Yan Q, Shi M, Ng J, Wu JY. The following types of fertilizers were used: 225kgN ha1, 100kg P2O5 ha1 and 125kg K2O ha1. The intercrops were dominated by cereals, and cowpea biomass (BY) and seed yield (SY) were <10% of cereal BY and SY. Njoku, D. N. & Muoneke, C. O. 4A and B ). This study was conducted to find out comparative effect of sugarcane seed having different harvesting or stalling period on productivity of sugarcane.