reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . The chief architect of this theory is Riker. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. stream 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. (PDF) Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Your email address will not be published. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. What is federalism? In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. 3. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. 7. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. Power Sharing Formula Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. Best information base for latest information both national and international. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Your email address will not be published. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. Many Nigerian ethnic groups began to agitate for their own states. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. >> Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. Each document posted on the site includes a link to the corresponding official PDF file on govinfo.gov. Roxy Horner biography: who is Jack Whitehalls girlfriend? So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. 1954 Lagos Constitutional Conference In Nigeria (Decisions) - Kofa Study The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. . The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Does Federalism Make Sense For The Philippines? - Forbes +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. You are welcome dear reader. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Email Address. welcome, and thanks for reading us. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? /F5 18 0 R The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade Insecurity and the desire for union are the main reasons for the shift from unitary system of government to federal system of government in 1954. Levoluzione del federalismo nigeriano tra conflitti etnici e transizioni democratiche. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. Required fields are marked *. /Type /XObject Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. /Height 235 Population of the country PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. (Tanzi, 1996). Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Nigeria- Constitutional Developments Political Economy Judiciary and >> This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. The Plural nature of Nigeria. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Required fields are marked *. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. June 1,2022 All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. The paper identifies and discusses the problems associated with separatist movements and how they affect national and social security, and argues that while the definition of state failure is contested and therefore Nigeria cannot yet be called a failed state, but certainly a fragile state. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? 3 0 obj Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Moreover, Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. 74 . The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . A Policy Brief examining the actors, factors and dynamics of the agitations, questioning if the current agitation is another flash in the pan and if current responses are adequate to address the agitations for secession of Biafra from Nigeria. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). Adobe d C This is because most of the power (financial and. >> We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Federalism in India. Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. /F7 24 0 R Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. It discovered a positive relationship between the changes in the fiscal structure and the aggravation of ethnic minorities' struggles. It also decided that the Public . In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. By every political barometer, this is a thought-provoking account of the Nigeria-Biafra political imbroglio. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. /Font << /F3 12 0 R Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . It is our pleasure. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the

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