Gene therapy was first discovered in the mid 1970's where researchers were able to isolate certain type of genes from DNA. There are four recognized approaches that scientists use when utilizing the use of bacteria in cancer treatments; these include anticancer therapeutic-autofiction, DNA vaccination, transkingdom RNA interference, and alternative gene therapy (Gardlik et al. Answers should be approximately 125 words each or two to three paragraphs each and you must cite your references at the end of each answer in APA format. 7). By using gene therapy, many cancerous diseases, i.e., lung, prostate, pancreatic cancers, have a higher chance of being completely treated. If you are the copyright owner of this paper and no longer wish to have your work published on IvyPanda. The question of whether or not it is ethical to change the genes of a child before they are born, to rid them of a family disease or just simply to be able to pick their traits, has been going on for years now. No plagiarism, guaranteed! 2021. The essays here deliver fresh insights on the social, political, and scientific aspects of the pandemic, which can help you more fully understand and respond to the complex and difficult events that are now unfolding. Grammatikakis, I., Zervoudis, S., & Kassanos, D. Synopsis of new antiangiogenetic factors, mutation compensation agents, and monoclonal antibodies in target therapies of breast cancer. Clinigene Current Gene Therapy Weekly (2011): 7. In 1989, scientists gave it a try of using gene therapy in cancer of TIL (tumor infiltration lymphocytes cells) for this, they created a viral vector and delivered altered TIL cells into the body with success. The gene that is injected or sprayed into patients target cells may trigger antibodies to kill the vectors. Generally, somatic gene therapy involves the process of alteration of the genetic makeup of somatic cells (i.e., all body cells except sex cells) of an individual (Rothchild, Laura & Lauren). CRISPR technology is currently being used to genetically engineer mice and other animals so that they have human-like diseases that researchers can study. <abstract> This study mainly used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA sequencing dataset to screen prognostic snoRNAs of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and used for the construction of prognostic snoRNAs signature for AML. in conclusion, both arguments are strong and justifiable however, overall i believe that the positives outweigh the negatives and that gene therapy is a successful way to treat genetic disorders as clinical trials of gene therapy in people have already shown some success in treating certain diseases, such as severe combined immune deficiency and To address this situation, there is a prevention for the cell to stop making the protein that the gene encodes, to repair the gene, or find a way that is aimed at blocking or eliminating the protein., Scientists find out that since pre-invasive cancer cells are highly unstable and potential to spread, those cells should be treated. Genetic Screening - Matthew Belter. Germline Gene therapy is the introduction and modification of DNA in embryos or reproductive cell to treat disease (Giacca, 2010; Resnik, Steinkraus, & Langer, 1999). Gene Therapy and Cancer - Shala Haukos. There are two types of gene therapy - germline gene therapy and somatic gene therapy. Therefore, genetically altering a germ cell results in altered genes in other cells of the organism. Therefore, there is no doubt that for cancerous diseases, the development of genetic engineering and specific cancer vaccines are proving to be the most effective treatment approaches. Annotated Bibliography. If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! After inserting the CFTR gene in the virus, we transfer the vector into a packaging cell line so that the vector will combine with protein needed to assemble the virus. Blog Article. The major advantage of this technique is that the anticancer effect on OSCC is virtually accomplished by cellular proliferation in addition to cellular apoptosis (inhibition of tumor angiogenesis) (Li et al. ( cited in William, 2000).This is because virus is used as a vector to transport the therapeutic gene. Registration is free and allows users complete access to all sections of the site, including archived news items. There are hope and confidence that in the near future, all obstacles encountered during the first generation cancerous and precancerous treatments will be eliminated by the development of second-generation modern therapeutic intervention as far as disease (cancer) treatments is concerned (Cross & Burmester). https://ivypanda.com/essays/gene-therapy-risks-and-benefits/, IvyPanda. With gene therapy, instead of treating the symptoms of the disease, treatment also target and correct the underlying cause of disease and eventually improve the faulty genes to normal genes. We provide a large database of college essays and cover almost any subject there is in the curriculum. (cited in Sade RM, Khushf G., 1998). EssayBot is an essay writing assistant powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI). *You can also browse our support articles here >. Conclusions Conclusions The bottom line is that if you are a patient and thinking to undergo such gene therapy or stem cell therapy treatment, be aware of the possible risks, costs of the treatments and that the effectiveness of the treatments is not fully guaranteed. Additionally, Shinya Yamanaka can be an example of how earnest and exclusive cloning research, As the scientists conducting this experiment want to find an easier/more accessible treatment for infections which overpower the immune system. ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. Vectors are small pieces of. Their patient s next generation will have to survive with the changes in their genomes. However, through gene therapy, many victims of cancer have attained a prolonged lifespan after being subjected to this treatment. There are any problems to have a successful gene therapy. Based on the evidence of this paper, the discussion focuses on the argument of whether gene therapy is effective when the cost-benefit analysis is undertaken. Society always debate over the ethics of using gene technology to treat human beings when recombinant DNA research began. Two, These early results have raised the hopes of many scientists of prospective cures, but the main goal remains for these cells to adjust to an individuals immune system and begin to function effectively in a patient. In 1970, Stanfield Roger proposed an idea that defective DNA could be replaced with "good DNA". Second one is techniques of gene repair that replace abnormal segments of DNA in defective genes in their normal chromosomal site. The first is that of Luhan Yang who was mentioned earlier. Article Critique. In 2017, European doctors were tasked with saving Hassan, a young boy, who was fighting for his life. Gene therapy is an experimental technique that involves the transfer of a working copy of a gene into a cell to repair or replace a faulty gene so it is able to produce functioning proteins again. It is a technique which correcting defective gene that is responsible for disease development (cited Safdar, 2010). IvyPanda. This technique in todays life can be employed medically in treatments of a variety of diseases, including; hemophilia, muscular dystrophy, among many others; currently, it is used for cancer treatments (Rothchild et al.). While gene therapy may pose practical medical benefits for people, ethical considerations must be addressed in order for society to utilize the potentials of gene therapy appropriately. Business Plan. (cited in Healingwell.com ). (2021) 'Gene Therapy: Risks and Benefits'. Secondly, germ-line therapy also involves alteration of the gametes before fertilization since, after fertilization, the characteristics are passed on to the offsprings (Walesgenepark.co.uk). Gene Therapy: Risks and Benefits. Study for free with our range of university lectures! April 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/gene-therapy-risks-and-benefits/. must. ( cited in Ten Tailed Fox, 2009). Notable to mention is that the major primary goal of all these approaches is that they all focus on stimulation of angiogenesis suppression. What is the concept of gene therapy? Most of the recent studies have revealed that there are some bacterial species that are capable of colonizing solid tumors. Gene Therapy or Genetics and Environment. In conclusion, gene therapy is a best solution in treating cystic fibrosis because it has the high chances to eliminate this genetic disorder disease. All over the world, the technique is best known for the correction of defective genes so as to treat diseases; the most common procedural form of gene therapy involves the insertion of the functional gene in order to replace the mutated gene within an organism (Cross & Burmester). By 1988 scientists were already transferring correct genes into the white blood cells of bone marrow animals with success. For example,failure of the phaseIII trial in the gene therapy involving Ad_P53 gene therapy in the treatment of ovarian cancer (Vorburger and Swisher, 2005). Similarly, further research will also shed light on possible risk factors that are associated with this method of treatment. Moreover, there is the involvement of complete alteration of the genetic makeup of early-stage blastomere so as to enhance changes of the genetic codes which can be passed on from generation to generation. As part of the procedure, it was proposed in the experiments that in order to induce apoptosis of tumor cells, one must incorporate the use of an integrated suicide factor together with the adenovirus-mediated transfer of p53 (Cross & Burmester). Germline Gene Therapy Essay -In this kind, functional genes that have been incorporated into the genomes of sperm or egg cells alter them. Researchers, while excited about this breakthrough, are still trying to figure out the best way to deliver the drugs to the cells that are being targeted. The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. Therefore, gene therapy is the name given to the treatment of hereditary diseases through genetic engineering of the genes that are dysfunctional. 640). There are four recognized approaches that scientists use when utilizing the use of bacteria in cancer treatments; these include anticancer therapeutic-autofiction, DNA vaccination, transkingdom RNA interference, and alternative gene therapy (Gardlik et al. This experiment allowed scientists to confirm that gene therapy was effective as well as engineered viral vector was safe for humans. It is possible to remove a cancer gene in an unborn child by use of this technology, thus giving life to human beings (Meir et al. This technology is allowing the study of Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis which, up until now, has lacked good animal models (Rockoff). This inherited characteristic, however, can further be enhanced via genetic engineering, developing a natural anti-tumor activity that always enables the specific bacteria to transfer its therapeutic molecules directly into the target cells (Gardlik, Behuliak, Palffy, Celec & Li 7). This paper looks into gene therapy. Business Plan. IvyPanda. Instead of introducing new genetic material into target cells vectors are also agents to which new genetic material is attached. Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is one of the most well-known hereditary lethal diseases. Introduction A. John Doe Story B. Thesis Statement II. April 18, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/gene-therapy-risks-and-benefits/. There are several advantages associated with gene therapy. Numerous research findings indicate parents can pass on a number of mental disorders to their children. (2021, April 18). In case of any alterations on genes, this is likely to cause genetic diseases like hemophilia or sickle-cell anemia. "Gene Therapy: Risks and Benefits." Essay. Its precision has the potential to offer the best approach for gene therapy in people with destructive illnesses., The third type of cloning is Therapeutic cloning in which one of the goals is to produce stem cells that can be used for replacing diseased tissue and other medical benefits. The first experimental CF gene therapy treatment was given to CFs patient in 1993 (cited in Schoenstadt, 2009). This was later cited by Theodore Friedmann and Richard Roblin in their paper called "Gene therapy for human genetic diseases" created in 1972 (Robertson, 2010). Although their is no guarantee that the vector carrying the healthy gene will land in the place it is intended, future tests may make ita possible guarantee. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. IvyPanda. Gene therapy research paper pdf . Article Review. 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/gene-therapy-risks-and-benefits/. A total of 130 AML patients with RNA sequencing dataset were used for prognostic snoRNAs screenning. Research findings also include the advantages and disadvantages of using gene therapy in treating CF. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. Even with the help of the Human Genome Project there is still many factors that limit gene, Through process and cloning in prime cells, scientist Shinya Yamanaka, MD, Ph.D was able to reverse the aging and contamination of cells. While easy, single gene targets for gene therapy include hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy and SCID, gene therapy may have the potential to cure HIV, malignant melanoma, kidney cancer, Gaucher disease, breast cancer and lung cancer (Sinnott). Somatic gene therapy is the manipulation of DNA in body cells to treat disease (Resnik . Gene Therapy is often involved in serious cancer cell treatments; its main purpose is to try to trick the immune system into believing that the cancer cells are foreign. GENE THERAPY and other kinds of academic papers in our essays database at Many Essays. [] Priya Patel investigated neurodegenerative diseases in the neuroscience gene therapy lab under the tutelage of postdoctoral associate Kim Hawkins, Ph.D., and Coy Heldermon, M.D., Ph.D., an assistant professor in the UF College of Medicine's division of hematology and oncology. In this case, functional genes are isolated and inserted into the interior lobes of the reproductive tissues or cells of the relevant organism. Annotated Bibliography. This is IvyPanda's free database of academic paper samples. 2. First step to do is designing a vector by modifying the gene of the virus. There can be some complications with gene regulation. The vaccines are promising to be the most effective technique since they only require autologous cells to have them manufactured, although this has many cost implications; this is one of the disadvantages of this technique. 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