To which is added, the Provident Knight. Common denominators in these womens works are religious themes, honour, friendship, love, and misfortune. Alfonso Sastre rejected Bueros formula, preferring more-direct Marxist approaches to social problems, but censors prohibited many of his dramas. The second day marks the start of one-on-one fights, after which groups of five or even ten people are formed. Orphaned by the age of six, he was able to attend the Imperial School run by the Jesuits in Madrid. It holds a collection of canvases from the Cusco school. Along with the use of formal Renaissance and classicist models, he cultivated the medieval genres of vilancete, cantiga and trova. The term novecentistas applies to a generation of writers that fall between the Generation of 1898 and the vanguardist Generation of 1927. [40], In Os Lusadas, Cames achieves a remarkable harmony between classical scholarship and practical experience, developed with consummate technical skill, describing Portuguese adventures with moments of serious thought mixed with others of delicate sensitivity and humanism. [39] Another portrait was found in the 1970s by Maria Antonieta de Azevedo, dated 1556 and showing the poet in prison. de Moura", "Escultor escolhe Pessoa e Cames para moeda de 2,5 euros que hoje entra em circulao", "Mercury (2008): New Details in Images of Mercury, Tethys, and Dione Require New Names", "Renaissance Literature and Historiography", "Maneirismo em Cames: Uma Linguagem de Crise", "Cames e as frmulas lapidares em Os Lusadas", http://cvc.instituto-camoes.pt/bdc/literatura/lusiadas/, "Cames laureado: Legitimacin y uso potico de Cames durante el bilingismo ibrico en el "perodo filipino", http://www.uefs.br/nep/labirintos/edicoes/01_2008/01_2008.htm, "The Laureate of Hard Luck: 'The Collected Lyric Poems of Lus de Cames' - The New York Sun", "Camoens: His Life and His Lusiads. Literary landmarks included the first publication of the 12th-century epic Poema de mo Cid, the works of Gonzalo de Berceo, and Juan Ruizs Libro de buen amor. The title itself already suggests its nationalist intentions, being derived from the ancient Roman denomination of Portugal, Lusitania. Rubn Daro, Latin Americas greatest poet, took Modernismo to Spain in 1892. The dominant character, the procuress Celestina, is depicted with unsurpassed realism and gives the work the title by which it is commonly known, La Celestina. In 1532 for a short period he was exiled to a Danube island where he was the guest of the Count Gyrgy Cseszneky, royal court judge of Gyr. rear'd a new throne so haught in Pride of Place. See: Vega, Garcilaso de la, 1503-1536. Characterizing her mature writing are religious preoccupations and mystic language. A crusader, adventurer, and short-story writer, he achieved enormous international success with novels widely translated and adapted for the screen and became Spains best-known novelist in the first third of the 20th century, though he was seldom well received at home. Famous people from Peru. About that time, Quevedo grew very close to Pedro Tllez-Girn, 3rd Duke of Osuna, one of the great statesmen and generals of the age, whom he accompanied as secretary to Italy in 1613, carrying out a number of missions for him which took him to Nice, Venice, and finally back to Madrid. "[97] He was an influence on the work of John Milton and several other English poets, Goethe recognized his eminence, Sir Richard Burton considered him a master,[98] Friedrich Schlegel called him the ultimate exponent of creation in epic poetry,[99] opining that the "perfection" [Vollendung] of Portuguese poetry was evident in his "beautiful poems,"[100] Humboldt regarded him as an admirable painter of nature. More-exotic elements appeared in the Proverbios morales (c. 1355) of Santob de Carrin de los Condes and in an Aragonese version of the biblical story of Joseph, which was based on the Qurn and written in Arabic characters. His Cancionero (1496; Songbook) contains pastoral-religious dramatic dialogues in rustic dialect, but he soon turned to secular themes and vivid farce. Location: 28 km northwest of the city of Cusco (45 minutes by car). Arguedas began his literary career by writing short stories about the Indigenous environment familiar to him from his childhood. Miguel de Unamuno studied national problems perceptively in En torno al casticismo (1895), a collection of essays whose titlewhich means, roughly, Concerning Spanishnessreflects its analysis of the essence of Spanish national identity. Although their names were suppressed and their works left largely unperformed for centuries, several women dramatists of the Siglo de Oro left extant plays. In Luis Gmez de Tpia's edition, Cames is already mentioned as "famous", and in Benito Caldera's he was compared to Virgil. Festivities include fireworks, traditional dances, bullfights, and cockfights featuring Peruvian gallo navajero fighting roosters. Other plays demonstrate the socially committed individuals duty to sacrifice personal feeling for the sake of revolution (El pan de todos [1957; The Bread of All], Guillermo Tell tiene los ojos tristes [1960; Sad Are the Eyes of William Tell]). [101][102] August-Wilhelm Schlegel wrote that Cames, by itself, is worth entire literary works. He despairingly questioned immortality in his most important work, Del sentimiento trgico de la vida (1913; The Tragic Sense of Life in Men and Peoples). Anonymous romances on medieval heroic themes, commemorating history as it happened, formed everymans sourcebook on national history and character; they were anthologized in the Antwerp Cancionero de romances (Ballad Songbook) and the Silva de varios romances (Miscellany of Various Ballads), both published about 1550 and repeatedly thereafter. [3][5] However, other cities claim the honour of being his birthplace: Coimbra, Santarm and Alenquer. The themes of history and patriotism flourished as Spains power increased; among the finest achievements from this epoch was Juan de Marianas own translation into Spanish (1601) of his Latin history of Spain, which marked the vernaculars triumph for all literary purposes. Francisco Gmez de Quevedo y Santibez Villegas, Knight of the Order of Santiago (Spanish pronunciation: [fanisko e keeo]; 14 September 1580 8 September 1645) was a Spanish nobleman, politician and writer of the Baroque era.Along with his lifelong rival, Luis de Gngora, Quevedo was one of the most prominent Spanish poets of the age. Around this time, he began a very erudite exchange of letters with the humanist Justus Lipsius, in which Quevedo deplored the wars that were ravaging Europe. Salinas sought pure poetry through clearly focused poems and a heightened sensitivity to language. In the Catholic reaction, Counter-Reformation was launched, the Inquisition was reactivated and ecclesiastical censorship was rekindled. Juan Manuels seven surviving books treat such subjects as hunting, chivalry, heraldry, genealogy, education, and Christianity. Her trilogy Los mercaderes (The Merchants)Primera memoria (1959; School of the Sun, also published as The Awakening), Los soldados lloran de noche (1964; Soldiers Cry by Night), and La trampa (1969; The Trap)divides humanity into heroes (considered idealists and martyrs) and merchants (motivated only by money). At the continental level, it is the first officially established (privilege by Charles V, Holy Roman Full name and some spelling alternatives are Wiracocha, Apu Qun Tiqsi Wiraqutra [citation needed], and Con-Tici (also spelled Kon-Tiki, the source of the name of Thor Heyerdahl's raft).Viracocha was one of the most important deities in the Inca pantheon and seen as the The two men drew swords, and Quevedo ran his opponent through. His family was poor, but being noble, he could be admitted to the court of John III where he established fruitful intellectual contacts and began his career as a poet. Such works fall into three major language divisions: Castilian, Catalan, and Galician. The combat lasts three days, recalling the ancient struggles to gain more farmland. These juegos (short satiric entertainments given by traveling players) antedated the plays that constitute one of Spains main contributions to dramatic genres: the pasos, entremeses, and sainetes, all short, typically humorous works originally used as interludes. were mine the genius, mine the Poet's art. Like the social novel, social theatre featured generic or collective protagonists, economic injustices, and social-class conflicts, their depictions calculated to suggest Francos responsibility for the exploitation and suffering of the underprivileged. When his father died in 1509, Garcilaso received a sizeable inheritance. The frame story that links Count Lucanors tales anticipates novelistic structure: the young count repeatedly seeks advice from his tutor Patronio, who responds with exemplary tales. Valles works usually treat his native Galicia; Tirano Banderas, satirizing desultory revolutions and set in a fictional Latin American country, is sometimes considered his masterpiece. It was here that Francisco Pizarro proclaimed the conquest of Cusco. Quirogas novels typically portrayed women and children. Production of Romantic dramas was also postponed until after Ferdinand VIIs death. These figures and works of the early Renaissance prepared the way for the Siglo de Oro (Golden Age), a period often dated from the publication in 1554 of Lazarillo de Tormes, the first picaresque novel, to the death in 1681 of dramatist and poet Pedro Caldern. She also documented these conditions in essays such as Usos amorosos de la postguerra espaola (1987; Courtship Customs in Postwar Spain), which describes the ideological indoctrination to which the Falange subjected girls and young women. The state received its name from that "[13] This attitude is of a piece with the "black seventeenth century"[14] he lived in. The stories of Novelas amorosas are told during the nights, those of Desengaos during the days; most concern the battle of the sexes, featuring innocent victims and evildoers of both sexes, but plots turn upon mens seduction, treachery, abuse, and even torture of defenseless women. Presencia a oscuras (1952; Presence in Darkness) reacted to the marginality she felt while in exile and commenced a spiritual quest intensified by Domenchinas death in 1959. The result was the reaffirmation of the power of religion over the profane world and the formation of an agitated spiritual, political, social and intellectual atmosphere, with strong doses of pessimism, reverberating unfavorably on the former freedom that artists enjoyed. In his prose as in his poetry, Fray Luis de Len showed passionate devotion, sincerity, and profound feeling for nature in a style of singular purity; he also wrote a conservative tract on educating women, La perfecta casada (1583; The Perfect Wife), glossing Proverbs 31. The history of Florida can be traced to when the first Native Americans began to inhabit the peninsula as early as 14,000 years ago. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. Significant for guiding fiction to direct observation of life, the picaresque formula has long been imitated, up to such 20th-century writers as Po Baroja, Juan Antonio de Zunzunegui, and Camilo Jos Cela. The main gallery is 45 meters deep, and each terrace is 1.8 meters high. She too published Italian-inspired short stories, in the collections Novelas amorosas y ejemplares (1637; Eng. A procession featuring 15 patron saints widely venerated in the city. HiPLAM, University of Bristol, 2010. The trauma of the shipwreck, in the words of Leal de Matos, had the most profound impact on redefining the themes of Os Lusadas, this being noticeable beginning with Canto VII, a fact already noted by Diogo do Couto, a friend of the poet who partly accompanied the work as it was being written. My song would sound o'er Earth's extremest part By the end of the Spanish Civil War, in 1939, many writers of the Generation of 1927 were dead or in exile. Allende, whose works sometimes contain aspects of the "magic realist" tradition, is famous for novels such as The House of the Spirits and City of the Beasts, which have been commercially successful. One major Romantic theme concerned liberty and individual freedom. Garcilaso added intense personal notes and characteristic Renaissance themes to a masterful poetic technique derived from medieval and Classical poets. Chaves, Henrique de Almeida. Arequipa (Spanish pronunciation: ; Aymara and Quechua: Ariqipa) is a city and capital of province and the eponymous department of Peru.It is the seat of the Constitutional Court of Peru and often dubbed the "legal capital of Peru". Quechua (/ k t u /, US also / k t w /; Spanish: ), usually called Runasimi ("people's language") in Quechuan languages, is an indigenous language family spoken by the Quechua peoples, primarily living in the Peruvian Andes. Seeking Platonic absolutes in his final years, he produced measured, exact poetry that increasingly exulted in mystical discoveries of transcendence within the immanence of self and physical reality. The National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru.It is considered the most important, recognized and representative educational institution at the national level. On Sundays, the town is home to a market, where local merchants and farmers bring their products to barter. Juan Goytisolo, long an expatriate in France and Morocco, moved from an impassive, cinematographic style in his fiction of the 1950s and early 1960s to New Novel experimentalism in his Mendiola trilogySeas de identidad (1966; Marks of Identity), Reivindicacin del conde don Julin (1970; Count Julian), and Juan sin tierra (1975; Juan the Landless), all filled with literary borrowings, shifting narrative perspectives, nonlinear chronology, neo-Baroque complexities of plot, and an emphasis upon language rather than action. [1], Historians of the Italian Renaissance listed under "Renaissance", Western historians of the Early modern and Enlightenment period, c. 16001815, "Historians" redirects here. Quevedo was born on 14 September 1580[1] in Madrid into a family of hidalgos[2] from the village of Vejors, located in the northern mountainous region of Cantabria. Some have argued that his political enemies conspired to deny him the Nobel Prize, but today he ranks with such world-class realists as the English novelist Charles Dickens and the French novelist Honor de Balzac. Rimas influenced more 20th-century Spanish poets than any other 19th-century work. The enormously successful drama Don lvaro o la fuerza del sino (1835; Don Alvaro; or, The Force of Destiny) by ngel de Saavedra, duque de Rivas, and the preface, by the critic Antonio Alcal Galiano, to Saavedras narrative poem El moro expsito (1834; The Foundling Moor) embody the Christian and monarchical aesthetics and ideology of the second, more traditional branch of Spanish Romanticism, whose quintessential representative is Jos Zorrilla y Moral, author of the periods most enduring drama, Don Juan Tenorio (1844). Garcilaso's military career meant that he took part in the numerous battles and campaigns conducted by Charles V across Europe. Inca Garcilaso de la Vega was born on April 12, 1539, the son of the Spanish Captain Garcilaso de la Vega y Vargas and Princess Chimpu Ocllo of Cusco. John Hayward (15641627) Arguedas wrote his poems in Quechua and later translated them into Spanish. Prose before the Counter-Reformation produced some notable dialogues, especially Alfonso de Valdss Dilogo de Mercurio y Carn (1528; Dialogue Between Mercury and Charon). Toms de Iriartea Neoclassical poet, dramatist, theoretician, and translatorproduced successful comedies (e.g., El seorito mimado [1787; The Pampered Youth] and La seorita malcriada [1788; The Ill-Bred Miss]) and the satire Los literatos en cuaresma (1772; Writers in Lent), which attacked Neoclassicisms foes. The experiences he accumulated as a soldier and navigator enriched his worldview and excited his talent. It was actually a religious site, but due to its location and style, the Spaniards and chroniclers believed it to be a military construction. Philosophical problems of determinism and free will dominate La vida es sueo (1635; Life Is a Dream), a masterpiece that explores escaping from lifes confusion to awareness of reality and self-knowledge. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum, Manuel Teles da Silva, 3rd Marquis of Alegrete, Historiography of the French Revolution Contemporary and 19th-century historians, http://mek.oszk.hu/06400/06417/html/heltaiga0070001.html, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_historians&oldid=1115953287, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru.It is considered the most important, recognized and representative educational institution at the national level. Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispanicos, 4.1, 1979. Quevedo could be impulsive. His short poems, elegies, and sonnets shaped the development of Spains lyric poetry throughout the Siglo de Oro. It is often described as colossal, due to the size of its stones, some of which weigh between 90 and 128 tons. [citation needed] Another theme in Arguedas' writing is the struggle of mestizos of Indian-Spanish descent and their navigation between the two seemingly separate parts of their identity. Concha Mndez published four major poetry collections before the Civil War drove her into exile. Other exponents of social-protest theater include Jos Martn Recuerda, whose subject matter is hypocrisy, cruelty, and repression in Andalusian towns and villages, and Jos Mara Rodrguez Mndez, a novelist, story writer, essayist, and critic whose dramas expose the plight of common people, especially the youth, portrayed as victims (soldiers recruited to serve as cannon fodder, students forced to compete in sordid, degrading conditions for posts in a dehumanizing system). trans. Francisco Umbral, a prolific journalist, novelist, and essayist often compared to 17th-century satirist Francisco Gmez de Quevedo y Villegas for his style and to 19th-century journalist Mariano Jos de Larra for his biting critiques of contemporary society, won the Cervantes Prize in 2000. This page was last edited on 2 November 2022, at 15:52. Early revival novels are of interest more for their powers of observation and description (a continuation of costumbrismo) than for their imaginative or narrative quality. At such meetings the participants were both men-at-arms and men of letters, and were in search not only of military success and material fortune, but also of the fame and glory born of culture. Corneilles famous Le Cid (1637) similarly drew upon the conflict between love and honour presented in Las mocedades del Cid (1599? He wrote too, in a satirical tone, La hora de todos y la Fortuna con seso (1699), with many political, social and religious allusions. At the beginning of the 16th century, Garcia de Resende lamented that there was no one who could celebrate so many feats worthily, claiming that there was epic material superior to that of the Romans and Trojans. He became known for a disorderly lifestyle: he was a heavy smoker, a frequent visitor to brothels and taverns, and cohabited with a woman only known as Ledesma. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1922. Carlos Muiz Higueras plays convey social protests via expressionist techniques: El grillo (1957; The Cricket) portrays the plight of an office worker who is perpetually overlooked for promotion, and El tintero (1961; The Inkwell) depicts a humble office worker driven to suicide by a dehumanized bureaucracy. Some have therefore argued that the native flowering of Spanish Romanticism was not a tardy import; its principles were instead already present in Spain, but their full expression was delayed by the reactionary, tyrannical monarchys persecution of members of a movement that was, at its beginning, liberal and democratic. [58][59], Cames lived in the final phase of the European Renaissance, a period marked by many changes in culture and society, which mark the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age and the transition from feudalism to capitalism. The tension, melancholy, and sense of alienation resulting from the unbridgeable gap between these realms pervade Cernudas work. He was transported to a hospital and died on June 10, 1580, being buried, according to Faria e Sousa, in a shallow grave in the Convent of Santa Ana, or in the cemetery of the poor in the same hospital, according to Tefilo Braga. None of this put a stop to his career at court, perhaps because the king had an equally rowdy reputation. Cartas de un pobrecito holgazn (1820; Letters from a Poor Idler) by Sebastin de Miano points the way, but the most important costumbrista titles were by Larra, an outstanding prose writer and the best critical mind of his age, who dissected society pitilessly in Artculos (183537). The National University of San Marcos (Spanish: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru.It is considered the most important, recognized and representative educational institution at the national level. Camoens / Filgueira Valverde, Jose., 1958, Homenaje a Camoens: Estudios y Ensayos., 1980, Cuatro Lecciones Sobre Camoens / Alonso Zamora Vicente., 1981. The most engaging of such writings was the Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva Espaa (1632; True History of the Conquest of New Spain) by the explorer Bernal Daz del Castillo. Many families offer private lodging. Connecting the Middle Ages and the Renaissance is the masterful Comedia de Calixto y Melibea (1499), a novel of 16 acts in dialogue form published anonymously but attributed to Fernando de Rojas. He was named "contino" (imperial guard) of Charles V in 1520, and he was made a member of the Order of Santiago in 1523. .. Garcilaso de la Vega (15391616), Spanish historian of Inca history; Istvn Szamoskzy (15701612), Hungarian historian. Albertis contribution to dramatic reform imaginatively adapted classical forms of Spanish drama. trans. "Cames, Prince of Poets". The Convent is home to a monumental canvas painted by Juan Espinoza de los Monteros, measuring 12 x 9 m and depicting the Franciscan family tree. Cusco Applying the separate section to the two resulting parts, in the first part comes the episode that reports the death of Ins de Castro and, in the second, the stanza that narrates Cupid's efforts to unite the Portuguese and the nymphs, which for Sena reinforces the importance of love throughout the composition. It holds a collection of canvases from the Cusco school. This was one of the great aspirations of the Humanism of that era, and from it may have sprung the idea of creating an academy, reproducing within the limitations of the local context, the model of Renaissance academies such as the one founded in Florence by Marsilio Ficino and his circle, where Neoplatonic ideals were cultivated. On the trip back to Goa, he was shipwrecked, as tradition says, near the mouth of the Mekong River, managing to save only himself and the manuscript of Os Lusadas, an event that inspired the famous redondilha "Sobre os rios que vo", considered by Antnio Srgio the "backbone" of the Camonian lyric, as is repeatedly cited in the critical literature. Although not the first or the only one to do so, he was the most influential poet to introduce Italian Renaissance verse forms, poetic techniques, and themes to Spain. Christopher Columbuss letters and accounts of his voyages, the letters and accounts to King Charles V by Hernn Corts, and similar narratives by more humble conquistadores opened new horizons to readers. Location: 48 km northwest of the city of Cusco (1 hour by car). Juan del Encina helped emancipate the drama from ecclesiastical ties by giving performances for noble patrons. On the first day, participants get set in place. trans. Probably executed between 1573 and 1575, the so-called "portrait painted in red", illustrated at the opening of the article, is considered by Vasco Graa Moura as "the only and precious reliable document we have to know the features of the epic, portrayed in life by a professional painter ". He dominated Latin and Spanish, and demonstrated a solid knowledge of Greco-Roman mythology, ancient and modern European history, Portuguese chroniclers and classical literature, with authors such as Ovid, Xenophon, Lucan, Valerius Flaccus, Horace standing out, but especially Homer and Virgil, from whom he borrowed various structural and stylistic elements and sometimes even passages in almost literal transcription. La Raquel (1778), a Neoclassical tragedy by Vicente Garca de la Huerta, showed the capabilities of the reformist school. ",[1], Jose Maria Arguedas was born on 18 January 1911 in Andahuaylas, a province in the southern Peruvian Andes. Popular taste in the novel was dominated for a century by progeny of the medieval courtly romance Amads de Gaula. Lima (/ l i m / LEE-m; Spanish pronunciation: ) is the capital and the largest city of Peru.It is located in the valleys of the Chilln, Rmac and Lurn Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.Together with the seaside city of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. initiated Spains pastoral vogue, which was later cultivated by such major writers as Cervantes (La Galatea, 1585) and Lope de Vega (La Arcadia, 1598). Among the arguments he presented was the use of the golden section, a defined relationship between the parts and the whole, organizing the set in ideal proportions that emphasize especially significant passages. Arguedas was moderately optimistic about the possibility of a rapprochement between the forces of "tradition" and the forces of "modernity" until the 1960s when he became more pessimistic. Robert Boyle; Nicholas of Cusa; Niccol Machiavelli; Pico della Mirandola; Martn de Azpilcueta; Samuel de Champlain; Gaspar Corte-Real; Hernn Corts; Bartolomeu Dias; Diogo Dias; Sir Francis Drake; Juan Sebastin Elcano; Vasco da Gama; Prince Henry; The Pleasant Memoirs of the Marquis de Bradomin: Four Sonatas). His duties took him to Italy, Germany, Tunisia and France. Some women exerted influence during the Enlightenment through their salons; that of Josefa de Ziga y Castro, countess of Lemos, called the Academia del Buen Gusto (Academy of Good Taste), was famous, as were those of the duchess of Alba and the countess-duchess of Benavente. He was well known in poetic circles during his lifetime, and his poetry has continued to be popular without interruption until A romance of the Seven Sages, the Sendebar, was translated likewise through Arabic, with other collections of Eastern stories. Many of his works also depicted the violence and exploitation of race relations in Peru's small rural towns and haciendas. trans. This style existed in stark contrast to Gngora's culteranismo. New inquiries into the national heritage led scholars to unearth forgotten medieval literature. Lorca towered above his contemporaries with intense poetic dramas that depict elemental passions and characters symbolizing humanitys tragic impotence against fate. By this time, he was becoming noted as both a poet and a prose writer. Apuntes crtico-bibliogrficos en torno a la publicacin de la, Works by Francisco de Quevedo in eBook form, English translations of some of Quevedos sonnets, Author's page on the Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library, Portal dedicated to the author on the Universidad de Santiago de Compostela website, El Colegio Imperial y el Instituto de San Isidro, Quevedo's high school, Analysis of Francisco de Quevedo: Life and Works, Biography and short analysis of his works by Paul Bitternut, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francisco_de_Quevedo&oldid=1114110545, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with dead external links from November 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Francisco Gmez de Quevedo y Santibez Villegas, And he is a main character in the 2013 novel, This page was last edited on 4 October 2022, at 21:28.