1939, the High Command of the German Wehrmacht began operating an information center for war . [46] After the collapse of communism, data from the Soviet Archives became available concerning the deaths of German POWs in the USSR. Bacque alleges that General Eisenhower and the US military deliberately withheld support for the German POW, causing their deaths. They were given considerable freedom and mixed with local people.[11]. Estimates made by US and UK Governments, The United States Strategic Bombing Survey in 1945 gave two figures for German civilian deaths in the air war: The section Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy put the losses at 375,000, while the section Rdiger Overmans, Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. [166] The German government currently places the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. Marshall's figure is 128,000. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. Civilian bombing deaths (not including refugees) of 436,000 include 350,000 dead, 54,000 died of wounds and 32,000 missing and presumed dead. 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. Answer (1 of 5): The total number of German servicemen who perished in World War II, either in active service or in captivity, was about 4.3 million, according to Narben bleiben. Nineteen employees at Deutsche Dienststelle assisted in the survey. Statistics for German World War II military casualties are divergent. They earned a formidable . Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. Frumkin put total German military dead and missing at 3,975,000: Germany (1937 borders) 3,500,000; Austria 230,000; 200,000 Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia; 40,000 from France, 3,700 from the Netherlands; 700 from Norway and 398 from Denmark.[16]. After this look at the deadliest Nazi sniper of World War II, Matthus Hetzenauer, read about Lyudmila Pavlichenko, the deadliest female sniper in history. [55] In March the daily rate of POWs taken on the Western Front was 10,000;[56] in the first 14 days of April it rose to 39,000[57] and in the last 16 days the average peaked at 59,000 soldiers captured each day. -Germans Remaining Abroad-Includes expelled Germans who had emigrated to other countries or were in Denmark. The project sought to determine total deaths and their cause, when and in which theatre of war the losses occurred as well as a demographic profile of the men who served in the war. Figure includes 853,000 in the, This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 06:46. The US military historian Stephen Ambrose was co-editor of the book Eisenhower and the German POWs in which he refutes Bacques claims. This figure is included in the schedule above. The Austrian government puts their losses in the air war at 24,000. The total sample pulled for the research consisted of the files of 4,844 personnel dead or missing in military service during the war: The first group 4,137 from Army, Air Force and 172 from Waffen SS and paramilitary organizations including (3,051 confirmed dead from the Death Files and another 1,258 found to be dead or missing in the General Files) The Second Group of 535 men found to be dead or missing was selected from the separate Navy files. [33]For the entire year 1945 Overmans puts total losses at 1,540,000 (1,230,045 in the final battles; 57,495 in other theaters and 252,188 POW). Millions were killed, wounded, missing, or captured in what was perhaps . The German historian Rdiger Overmans in 2000 published the study Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (German Military Casualties in the Second World War), which has provided a reassessment of German military war dead based on a statistical survey of German military personnel records. 12224. Page 262, The figure of 1,277,000 killed and missing from January1 1945 - April30 1945 was estimated by the U.S. Army in the 1947 report German Manpower[25], B. He pointed out that this was the case of some Germans in American and British hospitals. The total haul of German POWs held by the Western Allies by April 30, 1945, in all theatres of war was over 3,150,000, rising in NW Europe to 7,614,790 after the end of the war. In 1949 he published an article in the newspaper Die Zeit in which he listed OKW Casualty Figures [2] these figures also appeared in a multi-volume edition of the OKW diaries. The Effect of Bombing on Health and Medical Care in Germany gave a figure of 422,000 dead. Troops of the Third Reich fought all over Europe, North Africa, the Atlantic Ocean and the Middle East during the Second World War. Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Bd. Within a fortnight, Adolf Hitler was dead and the war in Europe was effectively over. On December 15, 1944, Dirk's unit and the roadblock they were protecting came under attack from a Japanese force. Link/cite this page It is now known that they did not survive the war, Rdiger Overmans believes that more than likely they died in Soviet custody. In post-war Germany the fate of civilians and prisoners of war has been a contentious topic. The bombing of Dresden and the bombing campaign in general has been a topic of ultra-right propaganda in post-war Germany. Some people did speak out against that, most famously the resistance movement White Rose, who distributed pamphlets that attacked the killings of hundreds of thousands of Jews. The high rate of German casualties in the Eastern front occured for a number of reasons. The. The authors maintain that the German figures for 1940 through 1943 of 111,000 killed was generally correct and that their estimate of 311,000 dead for the years 1944 and 1945 was based on the tons of bombs dropped and the population size of the cities bombed. Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen (1992), "Introduction", in Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen, Eisenhower and the German POWs, New York: Louisiana State University Press, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Military history of Germany during World War II, Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450), Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, German Armed Forces Military History Research Office, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, German prisoners of war in the United States, The German Reich and the Second World War, the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe, West German government statistical office, George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. (B)Includes 3,404,949 disarmed enemy forces. The personnel records included 3,070,000 men who were confirmed dead in the Death Files and another 15,200,000 men in the General Files who had served in the war including those listed as missing and presumed dead. MacDonald, C (1993), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations.CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY UNITED STATES ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., 1993. pp. [24], A. He believes that personnel captured on the battlefield may have died of wounds or in transit before being recorded as POW. (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), The breakdown of Japanese military deaths, based on the Relief Bureau's figures, is available on the. View our online Press Pack. In September 1943, German Wehrmacht troops slaughtered some 5,200 Italian soldiers on the Greek isle. The grave contains almost 2,000 German soldiers and was discovered accidentally by Russian workmen laying a new water pipe in Volgograd. According to Overmans there is no reliable data on losses of Soviet volunteers[45] Russian military historian G. I. Krivosheev estimated losses in the Wehrmacht of volunteer formations and SS troops (Vlasovites, Balts, Muslims etc.) These figures are based on the West German government figures from the 1960s . Great patriotic war of the Soviet Union, 1941-1945: a general outline - Moscow: Progress Publishers, [1974] Page 392, Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. German SS-Obersturmbannfhrer Joachim Peiper led the 1944 Malmedy killings of U.S. prisoners of war. (, Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. -Net Emigration of Foreign Population - The Statistisches Bundesamt pointed out that this was a rough estimate. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 p. 14, Willi Kammerer; Anja Kammerer- Narben bleiben die Arbeit der Suchdienste - 60 Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg Berlin Dienststelle 2005. It involved more land combat than all other World War II theatres combined. [167] The Federation of Expellees has represented the interests of Germans from Eastern Europe. Currently, the commission runs an online database in which soldiers' family can search for the missing relatives. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkriege. Improve this answer. flutter webview session injustice what if batman joined superman fanfiction beambox pro settings (German Federal Statistical Office), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78, Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. The German historian Rdiger Overmans used the files of WASt) to conduct his research project on German military casualties. He believes that personnel captured on the battlefield may have died of wounds or in transit before being recorded as POW. 679215 Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, London, SE1 9GF. Some 16,000 Austrians were killed in prison, while over 67,000 Austrian Jews were deported to death camps, only 2,000 of them lived to see the end of the war. Monthly figures do not add because of rounding. Researching German WWII soldiers can be tricky because many service records were destroyed during the war. The 83-year-old had last seen him when he was just a boy . Among those found were the remains of horses killed alongside the troops in the biggest battle in World War Two. Ambrose maintains that the figure of 800,000 POW missing from the US records was a bookkeeping error, that many POW were released and no records were maintained. Statistics for German World War II military casualties are divergent. The battle was part of the Soviet assault on Berlin, lasting three days in April 1945. A 1990 study by the East German historian. OKW Casualty Figures Sept 1, 1939 to Jan 31, 1945, Source of Figures: Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 - 1945: 8 Bde. The Association for the Recovery of the Fallen, which consists of volunteers from Germany, Russia, Ukraine, Holland and Switzerland, was founded in 1992, with some 200 members working as volunteers. This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. Recent research on German expulsion losses: Estimated total German population losses directly related to the war range between 5.5 to 6.9 million persons, the lower number are losses in 1937 borders, the higher figure of 6.9 million includes losses of the ethnic Germans in east-central Europe[78] In 1956 the West German government figures in the table below list an estimated about 5.5 million deaths (military and civilian) directly caused by the war within the borders of 1937. Geschichte der deutschen Bevolkerung seit 1815 Steiner, Franz Verlag 1998, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, figure includes 3,760,000 military dead and missing; Civilian deaths: 410,000 in air war; 20,000 in military campaign and 1,260,000 expellee deaths east of the, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, Journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. -Germans remaining in Poland in October 1946 were 1,750,000, but by 1950 the number had been reduced to 1,100,000 because of expulsions after October 1946. Figures exclude Austria and conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe[14], A demographic analysis of the population balance by the West German government in 1960 put the total military losses of the Wehrmacht at 4,440,000; 3,760,000 for Germany (1937 borders); 430,000 conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe and 250,000 from Austria. This list may not reflect recent changes . . [95] The Federation of Expellees initiated the formation of the Center Against Expulsions. Instead of the assumed 800, it was in the end 1,837 war dead. The following studies were published by the West German government estimating expulsion deaths. Source of figures: Gregory Frumkin. Updated November 10, 2021 At the end of World War II, the U.S. opened camps of its own, where perhaps a million German prisoners died in secret. Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen (1992), "Introduction", in Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen, Eisenhower and the German POWs, New York: Louisiana State University Press, forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, German Armed Forces Military History Research Office, German prisoners of war in northwest Europe, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, German prisoners of war in the United States, Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450), Erich Hampe "Der Zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg" pp.138-142, The German Reich and the Second World War, Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe, West German government statistical office, Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Quellen zur Geschichte der "Euthanasie"-Verbrechen 1939-1945 in deutschen und sterreichischen Archiven", Heeresarzt 10-Day Casualty Reports per Theater of War, 1945 [BA/MA RH 2/1355, 2/2623, RW 6/557, 6/559], Heeresarzt 10-Day Casualty Reports per Theater of War, 1945 [BA/MA RH 2/1355, 2/2623, RW 6/557, 6/559], Wehrmacht Monthly Casualty Reports, 1945 [BA/MA RM 7/810]. The Eastern Front was the largest and bloodiest theatre of World War II. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 pp.45-6, Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 - 1945: 8 Bde. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958. Ambrose points out that the US and the UK had to cope with a major logistical problem in order to maintain the huge number of surrendered German personnel and finds the claim that Eisenhower and the US military deliberately withheld support for the German POW to be without merit. The German High Command figures cannot be considered definitive because they cover the period up until January 31, 1945, leaving out major battles at the end of the war, also they include prisoners held by the allies who survived the war. According to Overmans there are no reliable figures to breakout the national origin for the figure of 900,000 men of German ancestry conscripted into the Waffen-SS[42] Overmans maintains that records of the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) surveyed only persons of German ancestry "deutsche nach Abstammung"[42] However Polish sources maintain that during the war the Germans forcibly conscripted ethnic Poles into the German military. [58], The British PM Mr. Attlee in a statement to Parliament on 22 October 1945 put the German death toll in the bombing campaign at 350,000 [59], The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 160,000 German Jews)[60], A 2003 report by the German Federal Archive put the total murdered during the Action T4 Euthanasia program at over 200,000 persons. The German armed forces suffered 80% of its military deaths in the Eastern Front. Overview of the mass grave (by Stowarzyszenie Pomost) A spokesman for the German War Graves Commission said they initially thought that 800 bodies were buried in the mass grave. They were identified, captured, and sentenced to death. The individuals were possibly shot dead by Russian soldiers during World War 2. . Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. Source of figures Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg page 286, Source:Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. The West German government set up the Maschke Commission to investigate the fate of German POW in the war; in its report of 1974 the Maschke Commission found that about 1.2 million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1 million in the USSR. He believes that the previous studies by the German government should be subject to critical revision and new research is needed to establish the actual number of expulsion deaths.[141]. RM2AGN3DH - The feet and legs of deceased soldier protrude from the ground in a World War II German soldier's snapshot, ca. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Christoph Bergner, Secretary of State in Germany's Bureau for Inner Affairs, outlines the stance of the respective governmental institutions in, Hubert, Michael, Deutschland im Wandel. Soviet sources reported that "In 1945 the German Army lost more than 1,000,000 men killed on the Soviet-German front alone."[37]. Band III. As soon as the shocking discovery was made, the workmen notified authorities as well as the German War Graves Commission. Overy maintains that the German estimates are based on incorrect speculations for losses during the final months of the war when there was a gap in the record keeping system. Erich Maschke ,Zur Geschichte der deutschen Kriegsgefangenen des Zweiten Weltkrieges Bielefeld, E. und W. Gieseking, 1962-1974 Vol 15 P 185-230. The personnel records included 3,070,000 men who were confirmed dead in the Death Files and another 15,200,000 men in the General Files who had served in the war including those listed as missing and presumed dead. The figure of 104,000 killed in the Balkans includes casualties sustained against Yugoslav and Greek partisans as well as those killed as the Red Army swept much of the region in late 1944. [18] The German historian de:Rdiger Overmans used the files of Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) to conduct his research project on German military casualties. The Hahn's believe that the official German figure of 2 million deaths is a historical myth that lacks foundation. The (excavation) work is now complete. Hungary (cited by Austrian government 1940) 845,000 Romania (1930 census) 745,000 Total 16,559,000 (est) The official death figures are listed here . Soldiers and officers listens the news from the German High Command. Page 202, George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. 'German War Graves Commission'), is directed by the Federal Republic of Germany to record all the German fallen soldiers and maintain their graveyards abroad in 46 countries. IN December 1944 the Allies - primarily American - were caught by a surprise attack by the Nazis in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg. Entwicklung des organisatorischen Aufbaues. CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY UNITED STATES ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., 1989. Der Zweifrontenkrieg. Dirk J. Vlug, born in 1916, served as a Private First Class in the 126th Infantry Division based in the Philippines. -POW still held by Allies- 1,750,000 POW from Germany within in the 1937 borders were still held by the allies in October 1946. Five million Germans starved to death in occupied Germany according to estimates by the Canadian James Bacque, and 2 million German Soldiers died in allied captivity often while performing slave labor in Auschwitz like - and worse - conditions. In 2005 the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) put the total combined German military and civilian war dead at 7,375,800, including ethnic Germans outside of Germany and Austrians. In 1945. . Figures do not include POW deaths of 363,000 in Soviet captivity; these losses were listed separately by Overmans. The dead German soldiers will be given a special burial at a military ceremony in the city. Among these were 19 panzer divisions, and in total the "Barbarossa" force had about 3,000 tanks, 7,000 artillery . A book of transcripts to be published in. [92] There are those like Heinz Nawratil who try to equate the expulsions from Eastern Europe with the Holocaust. [31] This proportion (2/3 East vs. 1/3 West) contradicts the Heeresarzt weekly casualty reports for the army regarding the period from 1.1.-20.4.1945,[32] according to which ca. [85], 7-Military Dead - Includes Wehrmacht as well as SS/police and paramilitary forces. Regarding overall losses they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 1944 and 1945, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II The European Theater of Operations THE SUPREME COMMAND by Forrest C. Pogue. It saw heavy fighting across Europe for almost six years, starting with Germany 's invasion of Poland . One of eight hitherto unpublished images depicting the. Bibliography Fold3.com. -Emigrated & Murdered Jews- The Statistisches Bundesamt (German government Statistical Office) gave a total of 200,000 Jews who had emigrated or were murdered, they did not estimate those actually who were murdered. (German Federal Statistical Office), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78, Ploetz Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges Wrzburg, Ploetz 1960 page 80, Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 - 1945: 8 Bde. [34] Overmans 1,230,045 figure for the "final battles" includes (1) killed, (2) missing, (3) otherwise deceased "without prisoners of war", as is differentiated on p.272. Due to the threat of epidemic at that time there was a rush to remove the countless corpses of men and animals as soon as possible. A careful excavation took place to recover the remains. Figures for missing include POW held by Allies. [79] A study by the German demographer Peter Marschalck put the total deaths directly related to the war both military and civilians at 5.2 million, plus an estimated decline in births of 1.7 million, bringing total population losses related to the war at 6.9 million persons within the borders of 1937. Official statistics published by the West German government 1956 put the death toll due to air raids at 635,000. Rdiger Overmans Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. Bonn 1989. Page 61, Imperial War Museum- German and Italian Prisoners of War in the United Kingdom, Germany and the Second World War, Volume 9, Part 1 Page 475 By Germany (West). Fallen and wounded German soldiers filmed by a US cameraman. Soviet sources claimed that In 1945 the German Army lost more than 1,000,000 men killed on the Soviet-German front alone. [8]. Germany (West). Reportedly, the fallen Russian soldiers during the said skirmish ranged from 5,000 to 33,000. The following studies were published by the West German government estimating expulsion deaths. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. See also: German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union and German prisoners of war in the United States, The fates of German prisoners of war have been a concern in post war Germany. A 1946 estimate by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. put German military dead at 3.250 million, a figure that still appears in many reference works. Germany's war lasted from the 1st September 1939 to the 7th May 1945, inclusive, which is 2,076 days. He pointed out that the heavy death toll estimated by the Maschke Commission of 80,000 German POW in Yugoslavia was based on documented eyewitness accounts. Der Ruhrkessel: Ende der Kmpfe im Westen Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, der SS und Gestapo an der Bevlkerung bis zum letzten Tag, Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder since 1917, "George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 1939-30 June 1945. RM DGAYE0 - Dead British soldiers after a German gas attack, World War One RM PH6C10 - Body of dead German soldier, c1914-c1918. Bevlkerungsbilanzen fr die deutschen Vertreibungsgebiete 1939/50. The current view of the German government is that these losses were due to an aggressive war started by the German nation. [125] The civilian deaths in the air raids on eastern Front after 1/31/1945 are also included with the figures of the losses during the Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450)[126], (1) Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. [64], See Also: Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450) and Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Civilian deaths due to the Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450) and the Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are sometimes included with World War II Casualties. The Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army issued in 1945 also estimated Japanese "battle dead" at 1.219 million. He believes that in addition to the 363,000 confirmed POW dead in the USSR. Source of figures-Rdiger Overmans, Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. ', The comments below have not been moderated, By [81], 3-Net Immigration-German Refugees were ethnic Germans of Eastern Europe who lived outside Germany in 1937 borders before the war. [81] The Overmans study of German military casualties put the total at about 4.4 million.[86]. When Overmans conducted his research project during 1992 to 1994 he was an officer in the German Armed Forces. The German military system for reporting casualties was based on a numerical reporting of casualties by individual units and a separate listing of the names of individual casualties. Presse- und Informationsamt. German troops killed or wounded 150,000 Soviets in the first week of the campaign, while the Luftwaffethe Nazi air forcedestroyed over 2,000 Soviet planes in just the first two days. Page 246. Sources: Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland.
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