%PDF-1.4 % At its 60th session (26 March 2010), The Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) adopted Resolution 189(60) which went into effect in 2011 and prohibits fuels of the following characteristics:[19], IMO's Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) tasked the Pollution Prevention Response Sub-Committee (PPR) to enact a ban on the use and carriage of heavy fuel in Arctic waters at its 72nd and 73rd sessions. endobj We have received your request and will respond promptly. Likely to have similar impacts to other HFO mixtures. 0000003215 00000 n 1 and fuel oil no. In this article we looked at what is heavy fuel oil used for along with its properties. The purpose of the methodology being to evaluate the ban according to its economic and social impacts on Arctic indigenous communities and other local communities, to measure anticipated benefits to local ecosystems, and potentially consider other factors that could be positively or negatively affected by the ban. 0000000687 00000 n This work is organized in four main sections: In-troduction, Heavy oil properties, Methods for recov-ering of heavy crude oils and Methods to improve the characteristics of pipeline flow. Lack, D. A., & Corbett, J. J. A summary treatment of crude oil follows. Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. hTOO |9jVC@@~oxcyl j-zmT)jx4pj9 Petroleum fuels consist primarily of n-paraffins, . Product name : FUEL OIL NO. 'U`3W}hq&] j5|_DGt^5r3xG1SL}fvS}YD $'28ciVF]vao&"t2$L~Sr Cea3:"iH_p(\gbmfFnZGKZbc422W@4j92"ymuQb0|"vaWAx\`s*q/]Rf.wE.ij bpaRfNA@1v"yyH";Ci]zq7J#gOB J|f^ A&e%1@3!j\g/N :fIWf235!{5_l6UGYYJ>pOZI~^Uo$q]:hqm^`vaC#Z@Meu6~->Vh[xbcY8/\0ht:|b9jnj)>n~"2d@C? Heavy fuel oil is mainly used as a marine fuel. Already a member? Bio-oil concentrations as low as 5 mass % significantly reduced the viscosity of HFO at 25 and 50 C. 1.2. Also known as bunker fuel, or residual fuel oil, HFO is the result or remnant from the distillation and cracking process of petroleum. The ratio of outer to inner diameter of the shell was of the order of 1.3-1.4. Thanks. Information regarding the chemical identity of gasoline is located in Table 3-l. 3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Information regarding the physical and chemical properties for the gasoline mixture is located in Table 3-2. Russia instead suggested the development and implementation of mitigation measures for the use and carriage of HFO in Arctic waters. Diesel fuel no. In general, the distillation of crude oil resulted in an average of 30% gasoline, 20-40% diesel, and 20% of heavy fuel oil, and heavy oils from 10 to 20% are obtained. 0000002283 00000 n The total amount of petroleum spilled during the Deepwater Horizon incident and the relative fractions of the chemical compound classes of the Macondo oil were obtained by measurements, observations, and model calculations, with a significant amount of uncertainty. MEPC 72 (2018). Although bitumen and conventional heavy oil are similar, they are very different in some very important ways. 0000002550 00000 n 7]W_I#;FX}|F] m g_OVPe.K$PAC@as~o?g:o7: [14][15] Black carbon affects the climate system by: decreasing the snow/ice albedo through dark soot deposits and increasing snowmelt timing,[16] reducing the planetary albedo through absorption of solar radiation reflected by the cloud systems, earth surface and atmosphere,[15] as well as directly decreasing cloud albedo with black carbon contamination of water and ice found therein. [4], The carriage and use of HFO in the Arctic is discouraged by the Polar Code while being banned completely from the Antarctic under MARPOL Annex I regulation 43. Sulfur content and API gravity are two properties which have had the greatest inuence on the value of crude oil, although nitrogen and metals contents are increasing in importance. 6 0 obj stream Classify the six underlined properties in the following paragraph as chemical or physical: Fluorine is a pale yellow gas that reacts with most substances. Fuel Oil #6, is very viscous, being composed mainly of the heavy molecular weight hydrocarbons. You might search these web sites for suitable calculators. The sulfur content is expressed as percent sulfur by weight and varies from less than 0.1% to greater than 5%. yj0$5-KKOKP+"3EK zdn\(2XK4u{9l3QehHh``0pVFxB@ ?A <> @article{osti_6961941, title = {Physical and chemical characteristics of cenospheres from the combustion of heavy fuel oil}, author = {Clayton, R M and Back, L H}, abstractNote = {Characterization of an existing sample of cenospheres produced during residual-oil-fired steam power plant combustion included: scanning electron microscopy of surface structure; photomicrography of particle cross . Lubricants with high viscosity are thicker and offer more internal resistance to flow. before mixed. thickens into clumps, squishy, slimy. %PDF-1.5 % Surface temperatures are rising by about 0.2 C per decade, with 2020 reaching a temperature of 1.2 C above the pre-industrial era. Tracing has been performed by inductively coupled plasma and some other techniques. Metal 3D printing has rapidly emerged as a key technology in modern design and manufacturing, so its critical educational institutions include it in their curricula to avoid leaving students at a disadvantage as they enter the workforce. 0000001487 00000 n 3. (a) Distillate fuel oils Distillate fuel oils are complex mixtures of hydrocarbons that also contain minor amounts of sulfur-, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing molecules. Since 1950, the number of cold days and nights has . 2011 Godafoss, Malaysia (200,000 gallons in, 2004 Selendang Ayu, Malaysia (336,000 gallons in Unalaska Island - near Arctic), 2003 Fu Shan Hai, China (1,680 tons in the, 2001 Baltic Carrier, Marshall Islands (2350 tons in the Baltic Sea), crude oils having a density at 15C higher than 900 kg/m, oils, other than crude oils, having a density at 15C higher than 900 kg/m, This page was last edited on 9 October 2022, at 08:07. [15][13] The greatest increase in Arctic surface temperature per unit of black carbon emissions results from the decrease in snow/ice albedo which makes Arctic specific black carbon release more detrimental than emissions elsewhere. m?>2y| It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds. Most common is fuel oil No.1 (also called kerosene), range oil, and jet fuel (JP5). gd` ,@ 7)0=|g3~FR ;j. 10 0 obj The application of heavy fuel oil (HFO) in high-speed diesel engines is a practical approach to reducing running costs. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF REFINED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Herbert Curl, Jr. and Kevin O'Donnell . hTmo0+jbH/6aR\J\ISd|~|p `=h} l@BsA813d0"/d+ The diagram of fig. Canada and Marshall Islands have presented similar arguments, highlighting the potential impacts on Arctic communities (namely remote indigenous populations) and economies. range; fuel oil . The distinct physical and chemical properties of diluted bitumen arise from two components: the bitumen provides the high-molecular-weight components that contribute most to density, viscosity, and adhesion; and the diluent contributes the low-molecular-weight compounds that confer volatility and flammability, and that determine the rate at . Fuel oils 1-D and 2-D are diesel fuels. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. The shorter the paraffins are, the lighter the crude is. Oil sands are a loose, unconsolidated mixture of sand, clays and water, saturated with bitumen. Lecturer, International Maritime Academy . Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. 871 0 obj <>stream <> For example, steam cylinder oils used to lubricate heavy-duty engines must be . Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon. MEPC 60 (2010). . Viscosity is more commonly known as resistance to flow. Heavy oil fly ash (HOFA) is a byproduct generated by the burning of heavy fuel oil. Amendments to the Annex of the Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973. International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), "The toxicological effects of heavy fuel oil category substances", "Phasing Out the Use and Carriage for Use of Heavy Fuel Oil in the Canadian Arctic: Impacts to Northern Communities", "Petroleum - Chemistry - How Hydrocarbons Burn", "HFO Project Phase III(a) Heavy Fuel Oil & Other Fuel Releases from Shipping in the Arctic and Near-Arctic", "Climate change: Black carbon and atmospheric feedbacks", "Present-day climate forcing and response from black carbon in snow", http://www.imo.org/blast/blastDataHelper.asp?data_id=28814&filename=189(60).pdf, "IMO Moves to Ban HFO from Arctic Shipping | World Maritime News", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heavy_fuel_oil&oldid=1114988276, distillate combined with 98% residual oil, distillate combined with 88% residual oil, Low Sulfur Marine Fuel Oils (HFO derivative), distillate/residual oil blend (higher ratio of distillate). HFO module The module determines the physical properties of heavy fuel oils and diesel. s//.O+~=W6*,y'FT|n`{bnN7A^HIgoM'q#T!8. 2 are similar in chemical composition to fuel oil no. For full treatment, see petroleum, petroleum production, and petroleum refining. Other Information View Gas Fuel Properties View NOx Measurement View Conversion Tables Property Units Diesel Oil (Gas Oil) Light Fuel Oil (LFO) Medium Fuel Oil (MFO) Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Composition: Carbon %C 85.7 85.5 85.3 85.1 Hydrogen %H 13.4 11.5 11.2 10.9 Sulphur %S 0.9 3 3.5 4 Density @ 15C kg/l 0.84 0.96 Read more. Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. May emulsify, form into tar balls, remain buoyant or sink to the seabed. Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! Reply To This Thread The chemical analysis showed that the main contents of heavy oil fly ash are composed of carbon, sulfur and residue ash. The Russian Federation has expressed concern for impacts to the maritime shipping industry and trade given the relatively low cost of HFO. 4 0 obj Physical and chemical properties of petroleum. The studies showed that typical large (100-200 m) and small (20-40 m) cenospheres were spheroidal and hollow and had at least one blowhole. In this work we attempt to make an improvement in heavy oil chemical-physical property correlations based on a more fundamental and reliable understanding of the components in heavy oils [2]. %%EOF m2, making it the second most important climate forcer after CO2. 0000035663 00000 n A thick cell wall (100-200 nm) made of chitin and cellulose and possessed by Chlorella sp . (;!ODZ8hBp2x YfB "Z" GB}>o^.DwcA z'~r}xE*ZZ'gz4B"5yC6U0Ul.&~ggA3>'8b_A`,X*2ka7B!KaEfE=)3lA=oYa`azP&cqqSy1ZJQI5%$g89CgNd=Yo5 S"{VDgNwGw|o7Eggk1;Nn:M_?~iaj&?1~' I=MOw(9 Already a Member? 9 0 obj CISA Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS) endobj The fuel oil releases energy to rotate the ship propeller or the alternator by burning fuel inside the combustion chamber of the engine or to generate steam inside the boiler. endstream <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Sand, M., Berntsen, T. K., Von Salzen, K., Flanner, M. G., Langner, J., & Victor, D. G. (2016). Once coated to the surface, the oil is difficult to remove from substrate and sediment. Base on the process illustrated in Figure 2, a yield of 32.445 3.340% w/w was found for the Amazon sailfin catfish dry biomass, obtaining an oil yield of 9.67% (m/m).On the contrary, biodiesel yield was determined as the ratio of biodiesel mass and the weight of oil used, and the yield obtained in our study was 90.71% (m/m). Following are the 18 properties of lubricants: Viscosity Flashpoint Fire point Cloud point Pour point Oiliness Corrosion Colour Dilution Emulsification Physical stability Chemical stability Sulphur content Specific gravity Neutralization number Adhesiveness Film strength Cleanliness #1 Viscosity endobj Heavy oil and natural bitumen are oils set apart by their high viscosity (resistance to flow) and high density (low API gravity). In this article we will discuss properties of the heavy fuel oil and its storage in the ships bunker tanks with the heating arrangement and the storage temperature maintained at 104F. Emulsifies up to 3x the original spill volume, may sink to seabed or remain buoyant. [18] The ban of HFO use and carriage in the Antarctic precedes the adoption of the Polar Code. 0000001721 00000 n Results and Discussion 3.1. Is this an existing plant or a new design you are doing? the so-called chemical elementary analysis shows that generally fuel oils consist of about 85 to 90% of carbon, 13 to 8% of hydrogen and a small percentage of sulphur, oxygen and nitrogen, but two fuel oils of the same elementary analysis may behave in quite a different manner in burning practice, so that this chemical analysis is really of very Black carbon from ships: a review of the effects of ship speed, fuel quality and exhaust gas scrubbing. is a member of the Chlorophyceae class under the Chlorophyta division (Imelda et al., 2018). selmu?Gggo"M$}fGq8{g"7s~is@ _@qs}l":3;o;gGf/?9>W[tw0&t82>09sK[iQ6Mk!Wm|'%+7lw5?OimUwX%dN3M:='|)&cat/h.&?]eX'kY: l,Z7_x8i bMd_j;5yP'%@nsa2k08ZtXYu|pc?UpPuU EZXJvjkyRv61@D?I$#PbdU?8QtLV[Y;6*mCx6xRdB@r* mII;(@o@GPem{-PK&ct9tav*htdkYRBi0 gp#NG5FF"dxRYT eVz =6^Q hbE8,>KUM|zvF. The Introduction section discusses the significance of heavy oil in the 0000000925 00000 n (PQ5KocQ@dH)ix6,NmvFUR{kR%\[3YW{OXB@VHq!3*Iw=t$V,(h{7"(1 <> 0000001165 00000 n Mohd. after mixed. 0000002511 00000 n Recycling and rerefining are the applicable processes for upgrading of petroleum-based wastes by converting them into reusable products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and heavy oil. Correlations for fuel oils density and temperature are calculated by use of tools based on ASTM D 1250-04 and IP 200/04 (API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards, Chapter 11- physical properties Data, Section 1:Temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalised crude oils, refined products and lubricating oils).. HtVK#7Z QBf1oH$oOTFiY0 Characteristics of Crude Oil The hydrocarbons in crude oil can generally be divided into four categories: Paraffins: These can make up 15 to 60% of crude. 6 Product form : Mixture CAS No : 68553-00-4 Formula : A high-viscosity residual oil Other means of identification : Bunker C, Bunker fuels; IFO 180, IFO 280 AND IFO 380, utility fuel oil; heavy fuel oil; residual fuel oil; #6 residual fuel oil blendstock; ASTM No. Physical properties: Heavy Fuel Oil is viscous and sticky consistency, making it much harder than crude oil to pump or collect during a spill, often fowling habitats for years. Also known as internal friction, viscosity is one of the most important properties considered when assessing lubricants and determining characteristics like grade and suitability.
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